Marginal notes not completed. Native Vocabulary of the Yagganguri and other wongga Murnaambula; Geenjarra (his son) Moondoorrnga all dingo totemses Karrerrga - moondoor's woman. See Marginal notes at back of Ooleroo (Mt. Sir Henry or Ayers Rock) on border of S.A. and N.T., also other waters west, N.W. and south of Border. Also Musgrave Ranges, & Ernaballa area. etc etc. Yaggangui of Ooleroo |
| Yaggangura or yagga wirrja borning, name of dialect. |
| Seems to be allied with, or same dialect as - waddi ("man") wongga, and kungga ("woman") wongga. |
| Wanjabira ngura - Oodnadatta and wiljinya Bulganya. |
| Vocabulary compiled from Munjinja wongga, west and S.W. and Bijanjarra wongga. |
| Murnabambula, m Mundurr/, m (Mundurrnga) Binilga or Banjuru, m Thalauarinja and Murnabulga, Jinnabulain or Jinnaindi, moondoor's own son also Karrerrga (f) moondoors woman |
| (Mundurrnga's woman) |
| Wongamurda - Ulerula |
| Ganbia's first name - Muruja or Muruju |
| Jindirrjindirrjarrana |
| Addilana ngura |
| Yagga ngura - ngura guna burndinya ngarrinya |
| Aunt | Kundili (father's sister) |
| Baby | Bilyir ? bildir |
| Blackfellow | Waddi |
| Blackwoman | Nyunnga, kungga |
| Boy | Jiji, ula |
| Brother | Marlaing (younger), kurdana (older) |
| Brother-in-law | Marruju, ♂ guriyarra ♀ |
| Bachelors | Dhau'arija (plural), dhauara (singular) |
| Child | Minyain ("little") |
| Daughter | Undal |
| Daughter-in-law | Undal |
| Father | Mama (oldest father - mama bulgu youngest father - mama wan'ngu) |
| Father-in-law | Kommuru, umeri |
| Girl | Wanyi, jiji yagu = little girl |
| Granddaughter | Kabbarli undal |
| Grandfather | Thamu, boggali = mother's father |
| Grandmother | Kabbarli, kami |
| Grandson | Boggalu ula, jiji boggali |
| Husband | Guri |
| Man | Waddi; young man = ingga, kada-ara |
| Mother | Ngunju, kara or kari (Dhambu calls Karrerrga) |
| Mother-in-law | Umeri (forbidden) |
| 4 | |
| Nephew | Ula |
| Niece | Wanyi Kangguru larra - sister's children, murla ngūlyara, man speaking |
| Nephews and nieces | minggai-ila |
| Orphan | Jidula |
| Single man | Ingga, dhauara |
| Sister | Kangguru (eldest), marlaing (younger) |
| Sister-in-law | Juari, gurilyarra |
| Son | Kadha |
| Son-in-law | Ula, umari |
| Uncle | Kammuru (mother's brother) |
| Virgin | Wanyi, ugara; young girl - mimi mūdu mūdu |
| White Man | Waijela (corruption of "whitefella") |
| White Woman | Waijela lubra ("whitefellow's Lubra," also wila burra, corruption.) |
| Widow | Burrgudharra |
| Widower | Nyirdaiji, burrgudharra |
| Wife | Kuri, guri |
| Woman | Kungga |
| Ankle | Dari, karrjul = ankle bone |
| Arm (left) | Mina |
| Arm (lower) | Yari anggala |
| Back | Wirdabi, burrbi |
| Back-bone | Burrbi darrga |
| Beard | Kaanja, kaanya |
| Blood | Arlgulyu |
| Bone | Darrga |
| Bowels | Juni |
| Breast, breasts | Mimi, imi, ibi |
| Breath | Ngaa'il ngā'in, ngaail mananyi = breathing |
| Breathe, to | Ngaa'il ngā'in, ngaail mananyi = breathing |
| Calf of Leg | Jarlba dajju, munngu |
| Cheek | Ngogo |
| Chest | Ngarrga |
| Chewing food | Nguljarning |
| Chin | Karndarn |
| Coition | Mūraning, mōraning |
| Copulate, to | Mūraning, mōraning |
| Cry, to | Ulainya |
| Coughing | Gindil hungin, gunjul bungin, kunjun bo'aing, gindil maning,; cough = nyurrji bungin |
| Drink, to | Gabbi jigini, gabbi ilunggu, gabbi ngalgurning |
| Ear | Bina |
| Eat, to | Ngalgurni, ngalgularra, ngalgula |
| Elbow | Nyigu |
| Eyeball | Kuru |
| Eyebrow | Nyinbin, nyimbin |
| Eyelash | Kuru nyinbinba |
| Eye | Kuru; eyes staring = kurudaru |
| 6 | |
| Face | Ngalya, ngala |
| Fat | Nyidi, widu-widu, ganbi; fat woman = ugara |
| Fatigue | Bogu |
| Finger (little) | Mara ngalli |
| Finger (long) | Mara jūrgulijja |
| Finger nail | Biri |
| Foot | Jinna |
| Forehead | Ngala, ngalya |
| Frowning | Ngala marba nyurrbain |
| Generative Organ (female) | Namu |
| Hair | Mungga, katau-uru |
| Hand | Mara, marra |
| Head | Katta, kōgō |
| Heart | Kurdudu, kūrdūrdū Heart beating = kurdudu burdu burding |
| Heel | Jinna bāl, nganju Muscle on heel = waru ngunjil |
| Hip bone | Anggarl |
| Hiccoughing | Injardingan |
| Instep | Jinna guldu |
| Kidney | Kabburli, munari; kidney fat = ngardin |
| Knee | Murdi |
| Kneecap | Murdi mada |
| Leg | Jarlba nyūnjūnba |
| Lip | Dha winbinbi |
| Liver | Ālu |
| Lung | Wilgi wilgi |
| 7 | |
| Moustache | Mūlyau ūrū |
| Mouth | Tha, dha |
| Muscle | Marrbain, waru ngunjil, muscle on heel |
| Nape of the neck | Ngurndi, ngundi |
| Navel | |
| Neck | Unju |
| Nose | Mūla, mūlya |
| Nostril | Ala, yuldu |
| Palm of the hand | Mara wila, marajuni, kommarndi |
| Penis | Nambu, kala (secret name) |
| Pregnant | Juni bulga, juni dharra |
| Rib | Kandil |
| Rump | Dibu |
| Seeing | Nongu, nau'a, nongainyi, nāga |
| Shoulder | Bini, yambil |
| Sinew | Bidi, marrbain |
| Skeleton | Darrga |
| Skin | Gulu, iraiji, ilyirdi |
| Skull | Darrga katta darrga |
| Sleep | Anggu |
| Smell, to | Urna (bad smell), bandi bandi |
| Sneeze, to | Nyūrrjin dagu |
| Sole of the foot | Jinna wila, jinna juni |
| Speak, to | Wongganya |
| Spit, to | Wirda; dhalyi gulbur wirba = froth spit |
| Stink, to | Urna |
| Stomach | Juni |
| 8 | |
| Taste, to | Ji argala |
| Tears | Kuru nyildi |
| Teeth | Kardidi |
| Temple | Mida mida |
| Thigh | Ayal, yaual, junda |
| Thirsty | Wunju digil, unju digil |
| Throat | Kandarr |
| Thumb | Mara mama (hand father) |
| Toe (great) | Jinna ngunju (foot mother) |
| Toenail | Jinna biri |
| Tongue | Thalin |
| Urinate, to | Gumbugu |
| Vein | Marrbain (also sinew) |
| Void excrement | Gunagu |
| Walk, to | Yanggun |
| Windpipe | Marda, munyiri |
| Womb | Namu |
| Wrinkle | Dallala |
| Whistle | Ronguin mina; whistling = ronguin mining |
| Yawn, to | Dhadhārding |
| Animal (generic) | Kuga, baru (meat food) |
| Anteater ("echidna") | Jirilya |
| Bandicoot, black-banded | Walilya; rabbit bandicoot = dhlga, marrura |
| Bandicoot, white-banded | Wailburdi |
| Bat | Binjinarra |
| Cat, native | Ginniga |
| Dingo | Babba, ilga, inura |
| Dingo, puppy | Babba gūling |
| Fox | Balgula, boggada (corruption of "fox") |
| Hedgehog | Jirilya |
| Horse | Buni (corruption of "pony"), nganju |
| Kangaroo | Maalu, kanyala, waru (female) |
| Kangaroo Rat | Karrbiji (?) |
| Kangaroo Rat, Brush-tailed | Darrgawara |
| Kangaroo, Red | Kulbir |
| Kangaroo, Rock | Kanyala |
| Kangaroo, Silver Grey | Maalu |
| Kangaroo, young, in pouch | Waru guling |
| Mouse | Mumbain |
| Mouse, pouched | Būdu, ūlgūn, murrja |
| Opossum | Waiūrda |
| 10 | |
| Rat | Mūta, murrja |
| Wallaby | Wala, wilba, dhu-yalbi |
| Jildambuna and Karrbijabbuna waters where the abu karrbiji inma (stone sacred phallic emblem of karrbiji - species of marsupial) "sit I down" | |
| Avocet, Red-necked | Bunurdil, bunurdilga |
| Babbler | Juin-juin, julbu, dīdarara, durin-durin |
| Bald coot, red bill | Bīrun-bīrun ? |
| Bee-eater, Golden Swallow | Dīru dīru, bīrun bīrun, dīrun dīrun |
| Bell-bird | Burnburn būlala |
| Bird (generic) | Dulbu, dhulbu, julbu |
| Bird's egg | Ngōgorn |
| Birds' Nest | Mina |
| Bower bird | Iburu, abbuja |
| Bustard, Wild Turkey | Gibara, giburu, nganurdi |
| Butcher bird | Kulardi, durun-durun ? (species of butcher bird) |
| Chat, crimson breasted | Kūrda gudharra, gula gula? |
| Goose, Cape Barren | Djalba jūnbūn jūnbūn |
| Coachwhip bird | Jīdurding |
| Cockatoo (generic) | Koggalong, yangguna |
| Cockatoo, gang gang | Biar biar |
| Cockatoo, rose breasted | Biar biar |
| Cockatoo, white, Northern variety | Gūir gura |
| Cockatoo, white, Sulphur-crested | Gūir gura |
| Coot | Gabbi ūraja (water bird), jūrna bindali, birun birun |
| Caterpillar eater | Dirdi birlbirl |
| White throated flyeater | Dirdi birlbirl |
| Crane, Blue | Gūrrjal, kurrjal |
| Crow | Kāngga, milyilyi, wongara, guna ngalga |
| Cuckoo | Karrgin, kurrgu, kurrguling, giant cuckoo = birriling Kūragu, kaldharidi, dīadi |
| Curlew | Wilu |
| Cuckoo Shrike, black-faced | Jalbu jalbu, djalbu, djalbu |
| 12 | |
| Duck | Maningurra, marara |
| Eagle | Waldu-uru, waldha, walja |
| Eagle, Little | Walja guling (guling = young) |
| Eagle, Whistling | Tharndu, dharndu |
| Emu | Kallaia, gūna biri |
| Emu Wren | Jirl jirl |
| Flycatcher | Jirbering, dhalbunjir |
| Flycatcher (Fantail)(Shepherd's Companion) (Wagtail) | Jindirr-jindirr, būnjin |
| Frogmouth | Ngungi, bīwi-bīwi |
| Godwit - blacktailed | Jurdarl |
| Groundbird, rufus, (spotted ground thrush) | Mēlga |
| Hawk | Girrgin, nyanyijira, mirmira, wanyi-wanyi, lēmal, wara wara, barningga, mūlyagūnji, kunggara, kallinggur |
| Heron, white fronted | Būrnūdil |
| Heron, Egret (white) | Dhalbu bilgugūra |
| Honey-eater | Durun-durun, dirdarara, etc. |
| Ibis, straw-necked | Jūnabidili |
| King-fisher | Rūl, rōl (three species = blue, sacred, laughing) |
| Kite | Nyanyi jira (blackshouldered) |
| Magpie | Kūrbarū, kura |
| Mallee hen | Ngarnamura, N.W. wanda, N. kalbin, S. ngau |
| 13 | |
| Nightjar (owlet) (spotted) | Jūrrjūrr, dhūrrjūrr |
| Owl, Common | Kūrrguling, wīrongarra |
| Parrot | Bulail-bulail, dhūralan, bādl-bādl |
| Parrot, Cockatoo | Wīrimbil |
| Pheasant (Gnou) | Ngannamurra |
| Pigeon | Winda, murnbil |
| Pigeon, little green | Wana bina |
| Plover | Kalla jiri jiri, bīdidi |
| Quail | Mūrdinya; king = būinbūin, būnjūnderi |
| Quail, Painted | Mulbunderi |
| Quail, little ground | Būrūrū |
| Robin | Jūmbin jūmbin, nyungun Female = minning minning Hooded robin = wīa jūlgu jūlgu |
| Swallow | Warruga, gūngilga; wood swallow = gungilga |
| Spotted bird, white crested | Julbu or dīdarara |
| Sparrowhawk (collared) | Kunggara |
| Stilt, whiteheaded | Kūrdal |
| Thrush | Mēlga (spotted ground thrush) |
| Turkey | Gibbara |
| Plain wanderer | Mūrdinya |
| Wren | Jirl-jirl, mirilyirilyiri; female = minning-minning |
| Small bird | Wirdidarda |
| 14 | |
| Mūdi(generic name) | None inland |
| Frog | Ngangi |
| Iguana | Milbarli (long tailed), mida (short tailed, banded), nyindaga (monitor), kalda (none inland). |
| Lizard | Jaggal (bicycle), jimbin (small black), mūrdin (smooth); nginggin, waurū, gurūbin (three names for "barking" lizard) |
| Lizard, Horned (York Devil) | Mingari |
| Scorpion | Bidi gaddili |
| Snake | Ganba, gūnia, etc., Mulai-ongu (wombat snake), gūnunguru, manyirdi (snake ?), larrja (I killed one "cream & green"), dhā ganbu or tha ura-wara, jalgarara, jimbul jimbul (not eaten, too savage), madhana |
| Ant | Minga, wiba |
| Ant's nest | Minga gu ngura, mingagu bidi (vein or tunnel) |
| Ant (sergeant) | Ili-irli, kalduga |
| Ant (white) | Agūlyu |
| Bardie (grub) | Mogu |
| Beetle | Miring, māmu, black stinging hot weather beetle, būrn būrn, sulky hot weather beetle. |
| Blowfly | Būbuleri |
| Butterfly | Bindibindi |
| Caterpillar | Wonga; Ūnugunaga = small green caterpillar eaten by milbarli (iguana) |
| Cricket | Neri-neri |
| Dragonfly | Miri (?) |
| Flea | Kūlū |
| Fly (generic) | Umbara, būnbūnga |
| Grasshopper | Jindilga, iljilji, jinjinbi, burldarl, mambūrdū |
| Grub | Mogu, wanburing - species of grub grown to winged "beetle". |
| Housefly | Ūmbara |
| Insect | Murdugurunggu minda bilga, or underground insect - biting. This little insect had bitten Karrerrga. Maru - black insect |
| 16 | |
| Locust | Miri |
| Louse | Jīdu |
| Mosquito | Mila |
| Moth | Miring |
| Spider | Imbu, wongga |
| Spider, trapdoor | Ganbū-gūrū |
| Vermin (generic) | Jidu |
| Afternoon | Kanggal, kallala |
| Tree, Bark of | Bi-i, ilyirdi |
| Bough of tree | Yō-ō |
| Breeze (land) | Walba, warlba |
| Breeze (sea) | Ulbarnil (south wind) |
| Bush (the wild country) | Boggurda dharda |
| Blowholes on plain | Mūnyūngarra Ala lingani - ngalda being blown by wind |
| Cave | Abu kulbi, karu |
| Clay | Murnda |
| Clay, red | Durdu, durdur |
| Clay, white, pipe | Gunarn |
| Cloud | Waldul, jundalba - sea clouds, pl. Ngangarli - rain clouds ( mackerel clouds, mares' tails), jundal (sea) Gabbi jian - cirrus clouds, Gabbi woggarna - heat clouds |
| Cold | Nyinngu, minyuru |
| Country (desert) | Undiri (plain) |
| Country (hilly) | Abu |
| Country (stony) | Abu |
| Country (swampy) | Bina, warna |
| Creek | Karu |
| Dark | Mungangga |
| Darkness | Mungangga |
| Dawn | Mungalyuru |
| Day | Kallala |
| Daylight | Kallala |
| Days | Jindu (suns) |
| Dew | Au'ru, āru |
| Dusk | Mungangga |
| Dust | Munda |
| Duststorm | Munda ulberu |
| 18 | |
| Earth, the | Murnda |
| Eclipse | Iril |
| Estuary | Bira waldurning, waddingga man did it |
| Evening | Mungaji, mungarrji |
| Feather | Thalyur |
| Fire | Waru |
| Flowers | Judururu, undurndu |
| Fog | Au'rū, ārū |
| Frost | Aru |
| Fruit | Mai (vegetable food) |
| Granite | Abu |
| Grass | Budha, kara, karu |
| Grass (young) | Burja, budha, budhain |
| Ground (surface of) | Murnda |
| Gum | Dhau (edible). gurdu (non-edible) |
| Gum tree | Yaggala, etc., birail, abara, etc. |
| Heat | Kombanyi, warilya warilyi = very hot |
| Hill | Thali |
| Hillock | Minya thali (little hill) |
| Hole | Kardal, birdi |
| Jupiter | Katta (head), two katta in sky - Jupiter and Venus. |
| Lake | Bina |
| Land | Murnda |
| Leaf (shrub or tree) | Barrga |
| Lightning | Waral |
| Limestone | Abu |
| 19 | |
| Manna | Womma |
| Meteor | Ganba guna, dē larani |
| Midday | Kallala |
| Midnight | Mungangga |
| Milky Way (dark spots in) | Kallaia (emu) |
| Mist | Auru, āru |
| Month | Bira |
| Moon | Bira |
| Moonlight | Birangga wogganyi |
| Moon, waning | Bira urna |
| Moon, waxing | Bira goarriga |
| Morning | Munganji, mungarrji |
| Mountain | Abu |
| Mulga | Boggurda, kurrgu, ngau'ila |
| Mushroom | Mūlbū, winjinara, like mushroom, mū-unya, thamunara |
| Night | Mungangga |
| Noon | Kallala |
| Orion | Nyiruna |
| Peach, native | Būrnbūrn |
| Pig Face plant | Mai bildalbi |
| Plain | Undiri |
| Pleiades | Kunggara |
| Pool | Gabbi ugarda |
| Quartz | Abu |
| Rain | Gabbi, rain falling : gabbi binu or bini, gabbi jalga |
| Rain (heavy) | Gabbi bulga |
| Rainbow | Judirongu |
| 20 | |
| Resin (blackboy) | Girdi, gidi |
| River | Karungga |
| Road | Yuara |
| Rock | Abu |
| Rockhole | Abu gabbi, birdingga = rockhole, vein, soak. |
| Root, of tree | Injiri, injiriga, Nyuli-nyuli - curious lump or bole or growth on root below soil. Wajju wajju - bole on root of mulga ( below soil) |
| Running water | Gabbi warninggi |
| Samphire | Guyurr |
| Sand | Murnda |
| Sandalwood tree | Būlgara |
| Sandhill | Murnda djula |
| Sandplain | Undiri |
| Saltbush | Bunyeru |
| Sea | Warna, maia gura (salt) |
| Sea-shell | Warna dhugudu |
| Seeds, of plants | Wongunu, etc. Imara - seeds |
| Shade | Kānggu |
| Sheoak | Kūli |
| Shrub | Warda, ginniginniga - perfumed shrub (white flowering) |
| Sky | Ilgari, guddina |
| Spinifex | Bila, gūbaru, dhabbaru |
| Spinifex gum | Gidi |
| Star | Kattana |
| Starlight | Kattana wogganyi |
| Stone | Abu |
| Stream | Gabbi warningga |
| Sun | Jindu |
| Sunlight | Jindu ngalla burni |
| 21 | |
| Sunrise | Jindu rungini, jindugain |
| Sunset | Jindu dharrbanyi |
| Swamp country | Bina |
| Thorn | Jilga |
| Thunder | Undiri |
| Thunderstorm | Undiri |
| Ti-tree | Un'dal'nyi; jundaranda - ti-tree flower, burl - sweet smelling |
| To-morrow | Jindungga |
| Track | Jinna |
| Tree, Bark of | Bilyuru |
| Tree, Gum of | Dhau-u (edible) |
| Valley | Burdi |
| Vegetable food | Mai |
| Venus | Katta (head) |
| Water | Gabbi |
| Water tree roots | Injiri |
| Water bush | Thandaling |
| Water (deep) | Bidi bulga |
| Water (fresh) | Gabbi balya |
| Water (running) | Gabbi warningga, gabbi jinjera, gabbi idara |
| Water (salt) | Gabbi maigura |
| Waterhole | Bidi |
| Wattle tree | Ngauila, nauila |
| Weather (cold) | Nyingga, minyuru |
| Weather (hot) | Kombunyi |
| Weather (wet) | Yuru |
| Well | Bidi (vein) |
| Whirlwind | Warlba, gūbi-gūbi |
| 22 | |
| Wind (East) | Koggara nil |
| Wind (North) | Kuli, waru, unurn, alinil |
| Wind (South) | Ulbarnil |
| Wind (West) | Wilanil |
| Yam | Widuga, kūlyulyu, etc. |
| Yesterday | Mungarrji |
| Abduct, to | Kungga warnngi inu |
| Abscond, to | Walaringu |
| Abundance | Bulga |
| Abuse, to | Bigadharra bigadharra |
| Across | Kardu bubanyi |
| Adultery | Mōraning (act of) |
| Afraid | Ngulurinyu |
| Aged | Womba (old woman), jilbi (old man) |
| Alarm | Nguluringu |
| Alive | Wonga |
| Alone | Kuju |
| Amuse, to | Ingganyi |
| Anger | Biga bigadharra |
| Another | Kujuba |
| Arise, to | Boggala, ngalya boggala, boggara |
| Ashes | Unu, waru unu |
| Ask, to | Wonggain |
| Assault, to | Bunggudharra, biga garrga |
| Go astray, to | Bia wararanu |
| Avoid, to (tabu) | Ngurrba |
| Awkward | Gauera-gauera |
| Axe, stone, ground | Ilibi, ilib, kardawoga (not used in Central () |
| Back, to go | Gulbanya |
| Back, to bring | Ngalla gulbanyira |
| Bad | Guya guya, gura gura |
| Bag | Yaggurdha, yundu |
| Bag (in which a child is carried) | Dhandu, dharndu |
| Bag, to carry in a | Dhandu gura |
| 24 | |
| Bald | Kata bina |
| Bandy legged | Kali-gali |
| Barb (of a spear) | Nanngu |
| Battle | Kuju kujundu waganji, kuju kujundu woganyi, |
| Beat, to | Bunggudharra, jurdinggu - to beat with a club ; bilu - to beat, hammer, bang or thump. |
| Beautiful | Balya |
| Becoming | Balya |
| Before | Wanmain |
| Beg, to | Wonggain |
| Behind | Guranyi, mulaga, (coming behind) mallongga (also "to steal") |
| Below | Kanninjarra, deep |
| Belt | Nanba |
| Big | Bulga |
| Bite, to | Bajjarning |
| Black | Maru |
| Bleed, to | Algulyu |
| Blind | Kuru bamba |
| Blow with the mouth, to | Bō ūrni, bō wala |
| Blunt | Bunju |
| Board, for throwing spear | Mirū |
| Body (dead) | Ilungu |
| Boggy ground | Munda gidi |
| Bony | Womba, nguan ilunyu |
| Boomerang | Karli |
| Boots (European) | Jinna bukati (corruption of "boot") |
| Both of us | Ngalli |
| Brand (fire) | Waru dhani |
| Break, to | Kardarnda, karda-arding |
| 25 | |
| Breath | Nga'in munning |
| Breathe, to | Nga'in munning |
| Bring me | Ngalla gaddi |
| Bundle | Jurda ( a lot) |
| Burn, to | Kombanyi, warungga |
| Bury, to | Birdi, waldula, bidi |
| By-and-by | Wanyu |
| Call him back | Yaldi |
| Call, to | Yaldi |
| Camp, native | Kangga; karba = general camp, not huts |
| Camp, white man's | Garrba, karba |
| Cannibal | Waddi ngalgurni |
| Care, to take | Wandē |
| Carry, to (on shoulders) | Binin gannin |
| Carry (a child) on back (upper) | Jubungga |
| Carry (water) on head | Kattangga |
| Change, to | Barrani, yua kujana |
| Charcoal | Būrrgū |
| Cheat, to | Ngunji gurani; ngunji yungani |
| Chew, to | Nindirni |
| Choke, to | Unjundunanyi |
| Cinder | Burrgu |
| Circle | Babbi babbi |
| Circular | Babbi babbi |
| Circimcision | Wala |
| Clay | Murnda, munda |
| Clay, white lime | Gunarn |
| Climb, to | Kalbanarri |
| Close (near) | Ila, ila ngarrain (close lying) |
| Close, to (stop up a hole) | Wardula, warldula |
| Club | Jūrding |
| Cold, a | Urrga, urrgu |
| Cold, to be | Urgadura (to have a cold) Minyuru (to be cold) |
| 26 | |
| Come here | Ngalla gulba |
| Conceal, to | Gumbilongu, gumbirni - hide onesself hide weapons, |
| Cook, to | Bauarni |
| Cooked | Kambong |
| Cooked meat | Kuga kambong |
| Corroboree | Inma |
| Couple | Kudharra |
| Covered | Warldula |
| Coward | Yarri dardu, yarri jardu |
| Crawl, to | Yannainya wardu wardu |
| Creep (to creep on game) | Yannainya wardu wardu |
| Crippled | Thandi-thandi |
| Crooked | Kaligali (karli-karli = boomerang-boomerang) |
| Dance | Inma |
| Dead | Ilungu |
| Deaf | Bina bamba |
| Death | Ilungu |
| Decay | Urna |
| Deceit | Ngunju |
| Deceive | Ngunju |
| Deep | Un-ngu, kanninjerra |
| Dense, stupid | Bina bamba, gauera gauera |
| Depart, to | Yarra |
| Devil | Mamu |
| Die, to | Ilungu, ilungain |
| Different | Kujuba |
| Dig, to | Dauarni |
| Direct (in a straight line) | Durrgul, djurrgul |
| Dirty | Walilya walilya |
| 27 | |
| Divided | Barani, barala |
| Divide, to, amongst several persons | Barani, barala |
| Dog's tail head-dress | Nyinjila |
| Down (short hair) | Indu |
| Drag along, to | Irdi gaddinyi |
| Dread, to | Nguluringu |
| Dream, to | Dhugurr |
| Dried, parched ground | Dried ne edle leaves, ilbu |
| Drink | Gabbi jigini |
| Dropped it | Battangau or battungau |
| Dry, withered | Dried fruit = digil (fallen on ground) |
| Dumb | Gama, ngallu ngura |
| Dying | Ilunyi |
| Earache | Bina biganyi |
| East | Koggarara |
| Echo | Iril |
| Edge of a knife | Kandi iri |
| Egg-shell | Unmilga |
| Empty | Wia (nothing) |
| Enemy | Ngadharri (stranger) |
| Enough | Alla jiga, allaji |
| Evil | Mamu |
| Evil spirit | Mamu |
| Exchange | Barani, barala |
| Fair | Biarn (half caste) |
| Fall, to | Bata ngarongu, bada ngarain, baddongain bada ngain |
| Family or tribe | Waldhararra |
| Far away | Warnma barari |
| Fasten, to | Karrbirni |
| Fear | Nguluringu |
| 28 | |
| Feed, to | Ngalgurning |
| Few | Kuju-kuju (one-one) |
| Fillet for the head | Wilgaru, yilgaru |
| Fire-stick | Waru dhani |
| Flame | Kala |
| Flat, to lie | Munda ngala dhunggula |
| Flesh (of animals) | Kuga |
| Flour | Bal'aur, būn (corruption of "flour") |
| Food | Mai |
| Food (forbidden) | Juni gura |
| Four | Kudharra-kudharra (two-two) |
| Fresh (lately made) | Jula mai, jula kugu (fresh "bread" & fresh meat) |
| Friend | Waldha, waldharara |
| Friendly | Waldha, waldharara |
| Frightened | Nguluringu |
| Froth spit | Dhalyi, dalyi, gulbur, wirda |
| Full (filled up) | Juni bulga (bowels big) |
| Full (satisfied) | Alla jiga |
| Full of holes | Wingaru dharra |
| Fur | Indu |
| Game, a | Ingganyi |
| Game (animals) | Kuga |
| Generous with food | Mai mundja mundha |
| Get up, to | Boggala |
| Ghost | Mamu |
| Girdle of opossum hair | Nanba |
| Give, to | Yuarni. Give another (in exchange) yua kujuba |
| Go astray, to | Bia wararanu |
| Go away, to | Gulba; yanggunjarra, bijanjarra, kugudharri = going |
| Go back, to | Moggulba |
| 29 | |
| Go in, to | Dharrba |
| Go out, to | Dharra |
| Good | Balya |
| Good, no | Gura gura, gura murda |
| Greedy | Mīlungju ngalgurning ambura |
| Grave | Kardal |
| Grease, to | Walga dhura |
| Great | Bulga |
| Greyheaded | Jilbi |
| Grief | Juni yuil |
| Ground | Munda bala (on the ground, that ground) |
| Gum, edible | Dhau-u |
| Half caste | Wa biarn (Forehead or face yellow or white) |
| Hair stick | Binda bindi |
| Hair string (wound round head) | Woggari |
| Half give | Djugu-djugu yua |
| Hammer (native) | Kajju, ilib, ilibi, budiri, kulga, kajja, rounded stone hammer |
| Handsome | Balya |
| Hard | Kandi kandi (kandi = flint), thangara |
| Hatchet | To mmyok (corruption of tomahawk). No handled or ground axes, but ground axes were seen and known as the groups N. and N.E. and E. of the C.A. tribes used ground axes. |
| Haunt | Māmu |
| He | Bala |
| Head-cover | Mūna |
| Hear, to | Kulini |
| Heavy | Kandi |
| Height | Kātū |
| 30 | |
| Her | Bala |
| Here | Inya |
| Hers | Balagu |
| High | Kātu |
| Him | Bala |
| His | Balagu |
| Hold it | Maragurning, widini |
| Honey | Womma |
| House | Ngūra, karba |
| Hungry (very) | Anma dharra |
| Hunting and spearing | Woggarning kajjingga woggarning |
| Husband | Guri, waddi (man) |
| I | Ngaiulu |
| Ill (sick) | Biga |
| Immediately | Goarri |
| Improper | Gura gura |
| Juice of fruit | Yuru |
| Kernel | Wīder |
| Kill, to | Bunggugu (?) |
| Knife | Kandi (flint) |
| Know, to | Kulini, mobbulgu kulini nindi, quickly know |
| Large | Būlga |
| Laugh | Ingganyi |
| Laughter | Ingganyi |
| Lean (thin) | Womba |
| Lie (to lie down) | Ngarrainyi |
| Lie (to tell a lie) | Ngunji wongga |
| Light (in colour) | Biarn, karaara |
| 31 | |
| Light a fire, to | Waru runggani |
| Listen, to | Kurila |
| Little | Minya |
| Living, alive | Kana |
| Log (big) | Guldu bulga (bulgu = big) |
| Lonely | Kuju |
| Long way | Warnangga ila, long one = warnanga |
| Long ago | Irridianu |
| Look out | Wandi |
| Look, to | Nindila |
| Lying (down) | Ngarrain |
| Mad | Jujunbiri = wooden fruit of mallee ( gum). Yaldar dhaddagulu - Ooldea area term |
| Many | Jurda |
| Married people | Guriyarra |
| Master, a | Būnari |
| Mates, friends | Wanma lijja, waldjajarra |
| Me | Ngaiulu |
| Meat | Kuga |
| Mia (native hut) | Ngura, kāngga |
| Middle | Ngururr |
| Milk | Mimi |
| Millstone | Walu, the large stone ( flat) on which the wongunu falls when pounded by jungara (millstones). Walu is not removed from wongunu country. Jungara may bejungari, upper millstone. |
| Mine (my own) | Ngaiugu |
| Mob, our | Ngannana thana |
| Monster (fabulous) | Ganba (large snake) |
| My | Ngaiugu |
| 32 | |
| Name | Inni, ini |
| Native well | Gabbi bidi |
| Near | Ila |
| No | Mukka, wia |
| North | Allinjerra |
| Nose stick | Dilurn |
| Nothing | Ugara |
| Now (at once) | Goarri |
| Old | Womba (old woman), jilbi (old man) Old - no good - urna iridija |
| One | Kuju |
| Our | Ngallijagu, ngalli jūgū |
| Pair | Kudharra, kujarra |
| Pant, to | Ngā-in, ngā-in muning |
| Panting | Ngā-in, ngā-in muning |
| Path (track) | Jinna |
| Paw | Marra |
| Pearl-shell | Karrarr |
| Pebbles | Abu |
| Peeled Stick (used for hair ornament) | Binda binda |
| Play, to | Inggaranyi |
| Playing | Inggaranyi |
| Pleased, to be | Ganma nyinnin |
| Plenty | Jurda |
| Plume, a | Ngalbu, junbu = plume worn by messenger for corroboree. |
| Point | Miru (spearthrower), mangu ? |
| Pointed end of mugu - bone | Jirgili Junggu, walja, anggali - down stuck on bone. |
| Prickles | Jilga |
| Provisions | Mai |
| 33 | |
| Put it down quietly | Gurirdi dhuraa |
| Putrid | Urna |
| Quick | Mabbalgu |
| Quickly | Mabbalgu |
| Quickly run | Wala bulga (?) |
| Red | Durdur |
| Relation, a | Jūngū nyininyi, jungu nyininni, Jungu nyinnari |
| Relationship | Ngannana |
| Rice | Arraiji - corruption or "rice" |
| Ring (circle for enclosing game) | Bailgu |
| Ringworm | Biga yurrguru, nabbi, nyabbi |
| Rob, to | Mallongga mannainyi |
| Robber | Mallongga, munmurndu |
| Rogue | Mallongga, munmurndu |
| Rub, to | Ūnanyi |
| Scar | Jībari |
| Scream, to | Mirain |
| She | Bala |
| Shield | Kurdiji |
| Short | Murdu |
| Shout, to | Mirain, yaldingga |
| Shy | Nguluringu |
| Sinews of kangaroo's tail | Marrbain |
| Sit down, to | Nyinna gardi, nyinna-ardi |
| Sleeping late | Ngarria kallalara |
| Sliding | Munini |
| Small | Minya |
| Smoke, of fires | Buyu |
| 34 | |
| Soft | Dhula |
| Song | Inma |
| Sore (or boil) | Mordi |
| Sorrow | Juni yuril |
| South | Ūlbarēra |
| Spear (generic term) | Kajji |
| Spear (hunting) | Urajan, bilbaguru, bunggal |
| Spear, to | Kajjingga |
| Spear (war) | Bunggal Make battle spears quiver = kajji dargul jingara |
| Spinning a kernel | Waninyi; yuri wia = ball, spinning still, nyinnainyi |
| Stand up! | Boggara ngarain, ngara |
| Steal, to | Mallongga |
| Stick | Wana (woman's digging stick) |
| Stolen | Mallonggain |
| Stranger | Ngadharri |
| Strike, to | Bunganyi, bungain |
| String, of a bag | Būrduru |
| Sucking | Gunjana |
| Sulky (cross) | Bigadharra, nguninya, ngurinya ?, bigardi ? |
| Summer | Ūnurn |
| Tell me | Wongga |
| Tattoo | Jibari (scars) |
| Tell, to | Wonggain |
| Them | Ballain |
| They | Ballain |
| Three | Marngur |
| Throwing board | Miru (broad), wardan (long and narrow) |
| Tired | Bogu |
| Tobacco (native) | Ōgari, balyandi |
| Tomahawk | Tommi-ok (corruption) |
| 35 | |
| Track (footprint) | Jinna |
| Tuft (ornamental) | Ngalbu, wibia ( of emu feathers) |
| Two | Kudharra, kujarra |
| Us | Ngallia |
| Very bad | Gura murda |
| Very good | Balya-balya |
| Vessels (bark, etc) | Wirra, mīgu Water vessels - mimbu, jaggunba |
| West | Wīlurarra |
| Wet | Bē'al, bēl |
| What | Ngannana |
| Where | Yālnga |
| Whistling | Rungguin mining |
| White | Gūnarn |
| Who | Ngannana |
| Wicked | Gūra murda |
| Winter | Nyinnga |
| Within | Darrbi |
| Wood | Būrnu |
| Yam-stick | Wana |
| Yes | Gwa, wajji, wa, ūma |
| You | Nyura |
| Young | Kūling |
| Young (of animals) | Kūling |
| Your | Nyuragu, nyuramba |
| Yours | Nyuragu, nyuramba |
| 1. It has been stated by some authorities that native women, after bearing half-caste children, are not able afterwards to bear pure blooded children. Is this correct, and can indisputable evidence be given either for or against? | Nyurdugulu (Central Australia) gave birth to a half caste baby, October, 1922, and to a full blooded baby, October, 1923. Both babies were born near my camp at Ooldea, Trans-Australian Line, Central Aust. |
| 2. Native modes of burial in district? |
Three fold position head feet Buried in ground about 5'or less in depth. |
| 3. Names of implements, weapons, and domestic utensils in district? | Kajji (spear), weerra, wirra (wooden scoop), Kaili (boomerang), wana (digging stick), kundi, jurding (club), dharndu (netted bag), yundu (skin bag), miro (spearthrower), kandi (flint), kurdiji (shield, not used) |
| 4. Game traps, other methods of capture, description of? | Bailgu - fence of saplings, etc. |
| 5. Carvings and paintings on rocks or in caves (if any)? | None in the Ooldea district. |
| 41 | |
| 6. Native names of trees, shrubs, plants, etc. in district? |
Nabbari Species of mallee Yaggulu Species of red mallee Mindil Species of acacia Kurrgu Species of acacia Thalyura Species of acacia Boggarda Mulga Ngauala Mulga Bundi Hop Būlgar Sandalwood Kūli Sheoak Karu Ti-tree Walduri |
| 7. Diseases peculiar to natives of district? |
Mordi - sores, nyabbi - blind boils, scabs, etc. Urrgudhura - colds and coughs, earache, headache, etc. |
| 8. Legends, songs, and folklore; legend of Bunnyar? | No Bunnyar. |
| 9. Corroborees, amusements, games - are these symbolical? If so, of what? | Totemic |
| 10. Native names of tribes in district? | Jiwin wongga at Ooldea, also Koogurda - meat eaters. Jiwin local group term for 'boy' |
| 11. Do the tribes meet at any distant place for barter? | Yes. |
| 12. Native foods in district? How obtained, prepared, and named? | Eaten raw or cooked in ashes. |
| 42 | |
| 13. Are any instances known of the natives boiling their food? | No. |
| 14. Is cannibalism known to exist in district? |
Yes. All the circumcised groups were cannibals. |
| 15. What woods are used in making fire by friction? Describe method? |
Sawing and upright methods. Thallyuru (acacia), a very "dry" wood used in sawing method. |
| 16. Method of obtaining water from trees, roots, etc.? | Injiri - water roots. Roots pulled up and broken in sections, sections placed in weerra (scoop) or held to mouth and water drunk from them. |
| 17. Any idea of a deity? | No; belief in evil spirits, magic, sorcery only. |
| 18. Native belief in ghosts, or a future state?? | In both. |
| 19. What beliefs have the natives in witchcraft, sorcery; and is there a "boyl-ya" or sorcerer among the tribes in district? | All members of Ooldea group are dead, but there is a "sorcerer" in all groups. |
| 43 | |
| 20. Is there a gesture language amongst the natives in district? | Yes. |
| 21. Days / Months / Years - How calculated by natives? | By sun, moon, and hot (unurn) and cold (nyinnga) seasons. |
| 44 | |
| Yaggangura or yagga wirrja borning, name of dialect. | |
| Seems to be allied with, or same dialect as - waddi ("man") wongga, and kungga ("woman") wongga. | |
| Wanjabira ngura - Oodnadatta and wiljinya Bulganya. | |
| Vocabulary compiled from Munjinja wongga, west and S.W. and Bijanjarra wongga. | |
| Murnabambula, m Mundurr/, m (Mundurrnga) Binilga or Banjuru, m Thalauarinja and Murnabulga, Jinnabulain or Jinnaindi, moondoor's own son also Karrerrga (f) moondoors woman | |
| (Mundurrnga's woman) | |
| Wongamurda - Ulerula | |
| Ganbia's first name - Muruja or Muruju | |
| Jindirrjindirrjarrana | |
| Addilana ngura | |
| Yagga ngura - ngura guna burndinya ngarrinya | |
| 45 | |
| Page 3 | |
| Dilgalan - Banjura's woman (dead) | |
| Back pages | |
| To catch kangaroo or emu easily they used to put cockatoo feathers on top of a sapling and sticking this upright in the ground where emu or kangaroo would see it they worked their way within striking distance; the curiosity of animal and bird made them approach that pole. | |
| Their initiation months are "kuling" time - when the young of dingo, mallee hen, etc. are running about. | |
| Karrerrga, informant | |
| dhauarl, mala, junggu, karrbiji, waiurda. | |
| (rabbit bandicoot) | |
| Yaggangura wongga "rabbit". All these meat foods could be obtained regularly by Karrerrga's group. | |
| Nyi-ul, father without having had the mother. | |
| Thallara and Munaji - kungga kudharra - two big girls. Their mother Kaljingga. | |
| Mundurrnga was a father of orphans, Thallara and Munaja, never had their mother as his guri, he was mama nyi-ul, or "nyi-ul", the term applied to this relationship. Orphans = jidula. | |
| Jindugain, sunrise. | |
| 46 | |
| 1) Geenjarra etc. Marginal notes untyped. Murnaambula's son. Geenjarra speaking. | |
| water permanent | Dhauera |
| not permanent | Amar banya |
| permanent | Bandinya; mardinggu |
| Yellardha | |
| Thalarinya | |
| Goonadhanoo | |
| Murulnga, dhalgu wabur | |
| Baabur guguna | |
| Junduna | |
| Dharda dharana | |
| Mindibulana | |
| Narrga ngoona | |
| Goong-garanna | |
| Goorgardana | |
| Minya dhalēr | |
| Miringinya | |
| Ngugumeea (Geenjarra's) | |
| Jundubana | |
| Anburunya | |
| Barridirinya | |
| Ngalerunya | |
| Mur-nga | |
| Ilyanbina | |
| Karrgidanya | |
| Walanyana | |
| Karubinana | |
| Jooguloonya | |
| These waters, rockholes, creeks, "ngamma" holes etc etc. Covered a wide area in Central South Australia Mt Conmor, Ayers Rock; Ooleroo; Eruabala etc etc. & over its area Geenjarra's group wandered from time immemorial until the first white man crossed the area. All explorers were tracked through the areas they traversed by the groups on those areas. Some of them most certainly encountered Leichhardt's party. Somewhere between the two Musgrave Ranges. (one in S.E. one in W.A.) & it may be that near one or other | |
| 47 | |
| 2) Contd Geenjarra male etc Marginal notes. | |
| these waters some remains of the Lose Leichhardt & party's equipments may be discovered. | |
| I have not written all the waters in this area - as my eyes fail in transcribing from my Ooldea notes & I cannot find these marginal notes in the typed copies of the Vocabularies taken at my Ooldea camp. (1918-1935) Every pencilled marginal note is of value to future exploration in those areas covered by Geenjarra's ancestral groups especially all members of the Dingo totem - which I believe is the most ancient of all Australian totems. (some names in their Geenjarra's fathers group for the 'dingo' are babba; ilga; in'ura.) The tribal markings of the dingo totemists. Vertical cicatrices on upper arm; diagonal on shoulder blade etc et, have a very wide radius. Yet if dingo totemists meet - tho' their group areas may be far apart. When their totem becomes known. The totemists fraternise. | |
| It will be necessary to examine & type every word in my Ooldea notes, They are of the utmost importance to future study, became they represent practically the whole of the Central areas within while the last of the Central cannibal groups room. Those remaining Cannibal will fallon their relative's tracks into the Ooldea or other area of Western & South Australia reaching the East west line at some point or other. & joining those of their groups that may be still living. When the wild mobs arrive. | |
| There was, & is, no S.A. - W.A. border to them & some may enter S. & S.W. of Boundary Dam area (the last of the Boundary Dam group died in Civilization in the 1930's Boundary Dam being above 400 miles north of the Border. All "new" arrivals have civilized or semi civilized relatives in civilization. Some hundreds must have entered civilization during my residence amongst them from 1912 (Earcla area) to 1935 (Ooldea area (E-W Railway) | |
| I am endeavoring, to transcribe in these | |
| 48 | |
| 3) Contd Marginal notes Geenjarra m etc | |
| notes, such of the pencillings as I can decipher. In several of those inland & so called desert areas. There are sacred emblem's, shrines, stone 'images' phallic or human, (stone 'shapes' representing a man, or snake etc etc, & perhaps in the vicinity of one or other of there emblems relies of a white man etc. may be discovered - as any intruder would certainly be killed. | |
| Two permanent waters within the areas mentioned in these notes (Ooleroo; etc.) are Jil'dam'buna, & Karrbijab'buna two 'Sacred" waters. Near the latter, the 'ā'bu Karrbija in'ma" (stone sacred phallic emblem of Karrbiji a furred animal) (sp. of wallaby ?) 'sits down' ever since the "dhoogoorr" (ancestral) times when Karrbiji brought the beautiful water that is now "Ooldea Soak". & "went north with his skin bag, pursued by ngabbula the spike backed ligard who was however Chased & Killed by Kallaia the emu, & ginniga the wild cat. Karrbiji sat beside his gabbi (Karrbijabbuna) & when the humans came to his water the Karribi because their totem (dhoogoorr) "Dhalburdiggin", who came down with his group to my Camp. From the Karrbiji area in the early 1930's or '34 is the last Karrbiji totem man left & there were no more ceremonies at the Karrbiji 'Stone image'. But the waters & the 'abu' will be known to any groups still living in those wild areas - & it may be that in the years to come - many interesting discoveries will be made. Ngoo'ra bil'nga & min'dari were two Karrbiji totem men. Who head proceded dhalburdiggin into Civilization some I can before. It is these little intimate details gathered from the newly arrived & other groups that I spent by can in obtaining & entering into the vocabularies of those living members. Which I am unable to read tody. I shall take down as much as I can read - but they all (the notes) really require expert examination & exact transcription to enables the whole series obtained by me, to be need for future reference. | |
| Karrerrga's f. fathers waters (beyond Ooleroo etc) are Kala'rbil; Gooba boorin; Amburanya; Munjirbi beena (swamp); mamburn garrana; Jil'gu wa'rana; Beegumana; Koondal woon'ja; muljandu: (Karrerrga's mau Moondoorr is dingo totem & belongs to Ooleroo etc. Somewhere between the two Musgrave Ranges.) | |
| 49 | |
| 4) Contd Marginal notes Geenjarra this father's people Dingo totem | |
| Names of three dialects & groups. Named from the word "going" | |
| going | Yan'gunjarra |
| going | Beejanjarra |
| going | Koogoo tharra |
| Others of Karrarrga's father's group waters were: | |
| Mallunga: | |
| Ngalarina | |
| Googuloonya | |
| Balur diriniga (2 waters same name) | |
| Miringiniga | |
| Mur'uil (the 'uil' as in "fantenil") This is the correct & native name of the great pebbled plains called erromously "Gibber" plains, Gibbera-turkey may have been seen on the plain & given to a white man as the turkey's name. Karrarrga's fathers people visited this area after a seasonal rain when the whole pebbled area was covered by a little was like flower & plant which the Gibbera (wild turkeys) came in thousands to cat. The plant & flower were called "Gibbera mai" (mai all vegetable food) | |
| Yarabina; Baebur guarguna; goonaranya; nguguwarana Dha'ler'in'ya; Iljerdinya; Ilgilinya; Jundabanna; Katta dharana. | |
| Wanma lijja 'mates'; friends | |
| Waldja jarra 'mates'; friends | |
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