Compiled byNGALYART(Sarah Karil)Of Karadup d. | PINJARRA Magisterial District | Wooralgula tribe, or woodarngup tribe (sea people) or darbalung (estuary people). | |
Kooree nyakka wangaga | Now you & I talking | Maia boondoo wangaga | Voice straight talking |
SECTION XII
LANGUAGE: GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARIES
Names given are of natives from which vocabularies were obtained.
Part 2. B. 9.
Southwestern District
Ngalyart of Pinjarra.
Folio 41/50-96
3Aunt | Mungart |
Baby | Koolong, nooba |
Blackfellow | Yoongar, mammarup |
Blackwoman | Yago |
Boy | Koolong, nyoo-map |
Brother | Ngoondoo |
Brother-in-law | Kardoo mata, deenee |
Child | Koolong, nooba |
Daughter | Koolong, kwerurt |
Daughter-in-law | Kombart |
Father | Mamman |
Father-in-law | Kangun |
Girl | Mandeegurra |
Granddaughter | Demma |
Grandfather | Murran |
Grandmother | Demma |
Grandson | Murran |
Husband | Kardoo |
Man | Mammarup |
Mother | Ngangan |
Mother-in-law | Mungart |
Nephew | Mai-oor |
Niece | Kombart |
Orphan | Burnap nganga burdoo |
4 | |
Sister | Jookan |
Sister-in-law | Deenee |
Son | Mammal |
Son-in-law | Mai-oor |
Uncle | Kangun |
Virgin | Mandeegurra |
White Man | Janga |
Widow | Widow, widowerYeenong or yenong |
Widower | Widow, widowerYeenong or yenong |
Wife | Kardoo |
Woman | Yagoo or yago |
5 | |
Ankle | Beelga |
Arm (left) | Marrga nyardoo |
Arm (lower) | Marrga |
Arm (right) | Marrga ngoonmarn |
Arm (upper) | Jooroo |
Back | Goongo, koongo, boogal |
Back-bone | Goojee bookal or boogal |
Beard | Nganga |
Blood | Ngooboo |
Bone | Goojee |
Bowels | Gabaloo |
Breast (left) | Beebee nyardoo |
Breast (right) | Beebee ngoonmarn BreastsNgarndoo, beebee |
Breath | Wagarr |
Breathe, to | Wagarr BrainsNoorgalyat |
Calf of Leg | Woolaitch |
Cheek | Yooraitch |
Chest | Wagarr (breath ?) |
Chin | Nganga |
Cry, to | Merangin |
Drink, to | Gabbee ngannain |
Ear | Doonga |
Eat, to | Ngannain |
Elbow | Ngaioo, ngaioong jeelap |
Eyebrow | Nimbat |
Eyelash | Meelganba |
Eyelid | Meel ganba |
Eye | Meel |
6 | |
Face | Yooraitch (cheeks ?) |
Fat | Boyn |
Fatigue | Beedeebabba |
7 | |
Finger | Mara |
Finger joint | Goojee (bone) |
Finger nail | Beeree |
Foot (left) | Jinna nyardoo |
Foot (right) | Jinna ngunmarn |
Forehead | Yoordoo |
Frowning | Windoo |
8 | |
Gums | Eelain |
Hair | Katta mungarra |
Hand | Mara |
Hand (left) | Mara nyardoo |
Hand (right) | Mara ngunmarn |
Head | Katta |
Hearing | Doonga |
Heart | Koorda |
Heel | Ngardoo jinna |
Heel (left) | Ngardoo jinna nyardoo |
Heel (right) | Ngardoo jinna ngoonmarn |
Hip bone | Koolgee |
Instep | Jinna boogal |
Jaw, lower | Goojee ngardar (ngardar = down, below) |
Jaw, upper | Yeera goojee (yeera = up) |
Kidney | Jooboo |
Knee | Bonaitch |
Kneecap | Bonaitch nyoomap |
Leg (left) | Mata nyardoo |
9 | |
Leg (right) | Mata ngoonmarn |
Legs | Mata, matuk |
Lip, lower | Daa boota |
Lip, upper | Daa yeera |
Liver | Maieer |
Lung | Walyal |
Moustache | Mooning |
Mouth | Daa |
Mouth, roof of | Daagurt |
Muscle | Warngoo |
Nape of the neck | Nanga moordok |
Navel | , |
Neck | Nanga |
Nipple of breast | Beebee, moolya |
Nose | Moolya |
Nostril | Moolya karrup |
Palm of the hand | Mata kootaitch |
Perspiration | Banya boolabbin |
Pregnant | Gabbooluk |
Puberty (age of) | Mandeegurr |
Rib | Ngarrail |
Rump | Dinnaitch |
Seeing | Nyanga |
Shin | Mata goojee |
Shoulder | Warngoo |
Sinew | Mata gweerak |
Skeleton | Goojee lerra |
Skin | Mab’boo |
Skull | Goojee |
Sleep | Beejara ngoondain |
10 | |
Smell, to | Beejak mindongin (bad smell) |
Sneeze, to | Nyeetee wangain |
Sole of the foot | Jinna ka-bool |
Speak, to | Wangain |
Spit, to | Dalyee gwardeejee |
Stink, to | Beejak ngoomoon |
Stomach | Gooyee |
Taste, to | Nyaga |
Tears | Marrangin (crying ?) |
Teeth | Ngalgoo |
Temple | Ngooboo burdongin |
Thigh | Dowul |
Thirsty | Gabbee warning |
Throat | Darrgart |
Thumb | Mara ngonga |
Toe | Nganga jinna (big toe) |
Toenail | Beeree nganga (big toe nail) |
Tongue | Dalin, delin |
Urinate, to | Koomboning |
Vein | Ngooboo, gweerak |
Walk, to | Kooree yanna |
Windpipe | Darrgart |
Wink, to | Meel ngarda unning |
Wrinkle | Maj-er-a-bin |
Wrist | Mardalya |
Yawn, to | Wagarr kwardain |
11 | |
Animal (generic) | Daaja |
Bandicoot | Koorndee |
Bat | Bab-bail |
Cat, native | Bar-jeerdee |
Dingo, female | Nganga yagginyung |
Dingo, male | Mamma yagginyung |
Dingo, puppy | Nyoo-map yagginyung |
Flying Fox | Bab-bail |
Kangaroo, generic | Yowart, female = waroo |
Kangaroo, brush | Goora mamma |
Kangaroo Rat | Walyoo |
Kangaroo Rat, Brush-tailed | Burngap |
Kangaroo, Red | Boonoyn |
Kangaroo, Rock | Moorerung |
Kangaroo, young, in pouch | Nganneep |
Mouse (generic) | Mouse Mardoo |
Opossum, Black | Ngoora mooarn |
Opossum, Grey | Goomal |
Opossum, Ring-tailed | Ngoora |
Porpoise | Warranung |
Rat (generic) | Ngoorijoo |
Seal, Fur | Seal Manyeena |
Squirrel | Balowaree (species of opossum) now extinct |
Wallaby (generic) | Walyoo |
12 | |
Bald coot, red bill | Kooleema, kooleema |
13 | |
Bird (generic) | Jeeda |
Bird's egg | Nyoorgoo |
Birds' Nest | Warrangal maia warung |
Bittern | Bar-denning |
Bustard, Wild Turkey | Beebeelyer |
Cockatoo, Black, red tail | Karak |
Cockatoo, Black, white tail | Ngoolak |
Cockatoo, white, Southern variety | Mannaitch |
Coot | Kooleema |
Crane, Blue | Waian |
Crow | Wardong |
Crow, Shrike (Squeaker) | Jeelok |
Cuckoo, Bronze | Wawoo |
Duck, Blue-billed | Marramurna |
Duck (generic) | Ngoornarna |
Duck, Grey or black | Ngoornarna (mooarn = black) |
Duck, Mountain | Gooraga |
Duck, Musk (Steamer) | Katarra |
Duck, Spoonbill | Yeerooroo |
Duck, White Wing | Marramurna |
Eagle | Walja |
Eagle Hawk | Walja |
Eagle, Little | Gooturn gooturn |
Emu | Wajjee |
Flycatcher (Fantail)(Shepherd's Companion) (Wagtail) | Nyittang-urt (walyerin) |
Gull, large, white | Weejoornong |
Harrier, Swamp Hawk | Gooturn gooturn |
Hawk, Fish (Osprey) | Darndoo |
14 | |
Hawk, Sparrow | Karrgain |
Heron, Black with white neck | Heron, Black, white neckMatoo |
King-fisher | Kanyeenuk |
Laughing jackass | Koorbeedoo ? |
Magpie | Koorrbart |
Mopoke (Boobook) | Wa’waa, kam-beegoorr |
Owl, Common | Kambeegoorr |
Parrot, King, yellow-cheeked | Wakungurrong |
Parrot, Rosella | Darrailburt |
Parrot, Twenty-eight | Demmaluk, tamaluk |
Parrot, Walkingery (Mountain) | Wakungurrung |
Pelican | Bootallung |
Pheasant (Gnou) | Ngowa |
Pigeon, Blue | Joolar |
Pigeon, Bronzewing | Wata |
Plover, Black-breasted | Kooroolum |
Quail, Brown | Mooreetch |
Rail, Land | Mooreetch |
Robin | Minnajittung |
Shag | Karrburnong |
Snipe | Koogogo, jinjardung, boorgul boordung |
Swallow | Karnomeetch |
Swamp-hen, Coot | Kaaling oogatung |
Swan | Kooljak |
Teal | Ngwinbee |
Wattle Bird | Warjalluk |
15 | |
Cobbler | Karalya (fresh water = moolyoot) |
Cockle | Marrail (fresh water), yookil = sea |
Crab | Kardeela |
Crayfish | Goonok (woodurnung goonok = sea crayfish) |
Fish (generic) | Daaja |
Flatfish | Jindoola |
Flounder | Bambee |
Jewfish | Kardang gurrung |
King fish | Mooree |
Mullet | Kalgarda |
Mussel | Marrail |
Oyster | Marrail |
Porpoise | Warranung |
Salmon | Ngarree |
Schnapper | Yajarrup |
Shark | Moondoo |
Silver Bream | Kuttern |
Sole | Jindoola |
Stingray | Bamba |
Skipjack | Wandilluk |
Tailor | Marrgain |
Whiting | Doordain |
Whale | Meemonga |
Yellowtail | Kanoordoo (also garfish) ? |
16 | |
Frog, edible | Woorgail |
Frog, large green | Toogoon |
Iguana, green | Karraga |
Iguana, long-tailed | Karrar’ kardar |
Iguana, stump-tailed | Yooarna |
Lizard, little | Jeeragurt |
Lizard, Horned (York Devil) | Boo-ya-gum |
Lizard, large black | Moonjarn |
Lizard, tail comes off when pulled | Yondung |
Scorpion | Kāl |
Snake | Woggal, kapelung (sea snake), noorna (black), doobaitch (whip) |
Tadpole | Weejook |
Turtle, fresh water) | Booyee |
Turtle, sea | Woodarnung booyee, ngoomoorn |
17 | |
Ant (common small) | Mooroo mooroo |
Ant, black | Koolga |
Ant's nest | Maia |
Ant (sergeant) | Kallila |
Ant (white) | Weetoo, batteeda |
Ant’s eggs | Moolaitch |
Bardie (a grub) | Balga bardee (blackboy grub) |
Bee | Noordoo |
Blowfly | Noordoo |
Butterfly | Wajjee (emus), as the children learn in chasing butterflies to run down the emu. |
Flea | Kooloo |
Fly (generic) | Noordoo |
Grasshopper | Kalgomata |
Housefly | Noordoo |
Leech | Neenim |
Louse | Kooloo |
Mosquito | Noordoo |
Sandfly | Noordoo |
Spider | Kara |
Vermin | Kooloo (louse) |
Worm | War’ree |
18 | |
Afternoon | Karballa |
Atmosphere | Marr |
Banksia | Mungaitch |
Beach (open) | Wootarn booma ngoondain |
Blackboy tree | Balga, yoolok (small one), balgarr (big one) |
Bough of a tree | Boornoo |
Breeze (land) | Ngangart |
Breeze (sea) | Barrga |
Cabbage tree | Moojoor |
Cave | Booyee kandoo |
Chasm | Boojoorda moorark ngarda (deep) |
Christmas tree | Moojoor |
Clay | Wat-oor boojur |
Clay, red | Noobelyung boojur, wilgee |
Clay, white | Durdol (chalk) |
Cloud | Marr |
Cloudy | Marr ngoomon |
Cold | Nyitting |
Comet | Ngangar mooroojoobin |
Cone of Banksia | Meejoo |
Country (burnt) | Boorart, boorat |
Country (desert) | Burnart |
Country (hilly) | Moordoo, booyee boola |
Country (open) | Warloo |
Country (stony) | Booyee boola |
Country (swampy) | Boora boola |
Creek | Beeloo |
Dark, darkness | Mararduk |
Dawn | Waloo eelgarabin |
Day | Beeraitch |
Daylight | Waloo moordoojoobin |
19 | |
Dew | Meenyee |
Drizzle, to | Nyettilyer |
Dusk | Ye-yee mararduppin |
Dust | Dalba |
Earth, the | Boojur |
Estuary | Darrbal |
Evening | Nganga kooree koordaga = sun already going down |
Feather | Ngowarr |
Fig (Native) | Koolbooga (sea coast) |
Fire | Kala |
Floods | Yanjee gabbee boola |
Foam | Dalyee |
Fog | Dwalya |
Foliage | Dilbee |
Ford | Beeloo burdong moordojoobee |
Forenoon | Beer dar |
Frost | Yandara, yarndara |
Gorge | Boojoor moordok |
Granite | Booyee |
Grass | Jelba or jilba |
Grass (tall) | Jelba wooree |
Grass tree | Balga |
Ground (surface of) | Boojoor |
Gum, wattle | Kalyung |
Gum tree, red | Kardan |
Heat | Moonok |
Hill | Katta |
Hillock | Katta nyoo-map |
Hole | Karap |
Honeysuckle tree | Mungaitch |
20 | |
Ironstone | Kolyern |
Island | Koordoo |
Jarrah tree | Jerral |
Lake | Boora (swamp ?) |
Land | Boojoor |
Leaf (shrub or tree) | Dilbee |
Lightning | Mulgar (thunder ?) |
Limestone | Booyee |
Manna | Ngoogoo |
Meteor | Nganyar moordoojoobee |
Midday | Beeraitch |
Midnight | Mararduk |
Mist | Dwalya |
Month, moon | Meekee |
Moonlight | Meekong |
Moon, waning | Meekee warning |
Moon, waxing | Meekee burdong goort werung |
Morning | Beeraitch |
Mountain | Katta moordoo |
Mud | Narnoo |
Mushroom | Dootagung; poisonous one = yeelar |
Noon | Beeraitch |
Nuts, edible | Bai-oo |
Paper-bark tree | Moodoort (coast), koolyur (swamp) |
Peach, native | Wanga |
Plain | Warloo |
Pool, swamp | Gabbee boora |
Pool in River | Gabbee beela |
Quartz | Booyee |
21 | |
Rain | Gabbee kwar daing |
Rain (heavy) | Gabbee ngoomon kwar-daing |
Rainbow | Walgeen |
Resin (blackboy) | Beering |
River | Beeloo |
River, bank of | Yangar |
River, mouth of | Matuk abbee darungunin wootarn |
Road | Mata |
Rock | Booyee |
Rockhole | Booyee gabbee ngammar |
Root, of tree | Jinnar |
Running water | Gabbee karjeetch |
Rush (a fibre) | Koorgogo, koorgogo |
Sand | Boojoor, gooyardee |
Sandalwood tree | Weelarra ? |
Sandhill | Katta ngoobarra |
Sandplain | Burnaitch |
Sea | Woodarn |
Sea-shell | Yoo-gill |
Sea sand | Goo-yarda |
Sea-weed | Nyoorla |
Shade | Maloo |
Sheaoak | Koorlee |
Shower, a | Gabbee warree nyoomap |
Sky | Goojeetch |
Star | Ngangar |
Starlight | Ngangar bobble wobble yookain |
Stone | Booyee |
Stream | Beeloo |
Sun | Nganga |
Sunlight | Jilyera |
Sunrise | Nganga yeerabbin |
Sunset | Nganga kwarding |
22 | |
Surf | Dalyee |
Swamp country | Boora boola |
Thorn | Doolgurn doolgurn |
Thunder | Mulgar |
Thunderstorm | Mulgar-a-wangain |
Tide | Ngangart, boomow’ata wuning |
Ti-tree | Moodurt |
To-day | Yeyee |
To-morrow | Nakar, nagar |
Track | Mata |
Tree | Boorna |
Tree, Bark of | Bootoo |
Tree, Gum of | Balga beering (blackboy gum) |
Tree, Trunk of | Jinarra |
Valley | Yangarra ? |
Vegetable food | Marrain |
Water | Gabbee |
Water (deep) | Gabbee moordok |
Water (fresh) | Gabbee gwabba |
Water (running) | Gabbee karjeetch |
Water (salt) | Gabbee weendoo (no good) |
Water (shallow) | Gabbee danjal |
Waterfall | Gabbee gwardin |
Waterhole | Gabbee garup |
Wattle tree | Kalyung, kalyoong |
Weather (cold) | Karrijal |
Weather (hot) | Moornok, narrain |
Weather (wet) | Gabbee balyan boolabbin |
Well | Gabbee garrup |
23 | |
Whirlwind | Gooraitch yennin |
Wind (East) | Ngangart (land breeze) |
Wind (light) | Marr kai yoongur |
Wind (North) | Woorong |
Wind (South) | Jeereemitch |
Wind (strong) | Marr ngoomon |
Wind (West) | Koolungin |
Xanthorrhoea | Balga |
Yam | Warrain |
Yesterday | Marook |
Zamia, fruit of | Bai-oo |
Zamia tree | Jeerajee |
24 | |
Abduct, to | Booyung guttuk, burrong yago moordigaboo |
Abscond, to | Yookan moordijoobin |
Absent | Ngoolong maia |
Abundance | Boola |
Abuse, to | Karrungabbin |
Accident | Darungun wanjung |
Accompany, to | Ngallee dowana bararra yennin |
Across | Burdong moordijet beeloo = crossing the river |
Adultery | Booyung guttuk |
Afraid | Waiening |
Aged | Munjung |
Alarm | Waiening |
Alive | Dworduk, dorduk |
All | Boonarruk |
Alone | Doombart |
Always | Walamurning yin-nain |
Ambush | Boorno bootak |
Amuse, to | Boom-ai-eejenning |
Anger | Karrung abbin |
Angry, to be | Karrung abbin |
Another | Wamma, wam-a |
Approach, to | Yool moordijin |
Arise, to | Yeera moordijup |
Ashes | Yoorda |
Ask, to | Wanga |
Assault, to | Booma |
Astray, to go | Kanong yinong |
At once | Geerda-geerda |
Autumn | Boornor |
Avoid, to | Winnaitch, winnaij |
Awkward | Mara windoo |
Back, to go | Kooree yennan |
Back, to bring | Dilong burrongin |
Bad | Weendoo |
25 | |
Bag | Kootoo, gootoo |
Bag, to carry in a | Kootoo burrongin |
Bald | Katta marda |
Bandy legged | Mata ngarleen |
Barb (of spear) | Mungar |
Bare | Weeja, wejja |
Bark | Bootoo |
Bathe, to | Darrbain gabbil |
Battle | Bak-kajin |
Beat, to | Booma wanuk |
Beautiful | Gwabba |
Before (go before) | Kooree burding |
Behind | Goonga |
Belch, to | Kangal |
Belt | Noolboorn |
Big | Ngoomon |
Birth | Nooban eejen |
Bite, to | Bakkan |
Bitter | Jellam |
Black | Mooarn |
Blanket | Booka |
Bleed, to | Ngooboo |
Blind | Meal boordup |
Blow with the mouth, to | Booburning |
Blue eyes | Mel joondal |
Blunt | Meetoo |
Board, for throwing spear | Meeroo |
Boast, to | Bal ngoomon ngoomon wangai yenaga |
Body (dead) | Warnee oondaga |
Boggy ground | Narnoo |
Bony | Goojeelir |
Boomerang | Kailee |
Born | Nooban eejin |
Both of us | Ngallee |
Brave | Boojor, boogur |
26 | |
Break, to | Dogarning |
Breath | Wagarr |
Bring forth, to (as animals, their young) | Nooban eejin |
Bring me | Yool gonga |
Bring, to | Yool gonga |
Bruised | Boomong |
Bundle | Boonarruk |
Burn | Kaluk doogurn |
Bury, to | Boojoor bineeja |
By-and-by | Burda |
Call him back | Wanga gwert |
Call, to | Wanga |
Camp, native | Maia |
Camp, white man's | Janga maia |
Cannibal | Noo-row windoo, doonga windoo |
Careless | Moo-row, Win-doo, Dooga Windoo |
Carry, to, on the shoulders | Wondongin, warndongin |
Cataract (film over eye) | Meel jitta |
Certainly | Kwa, koa |
Charcoal | Mooroor |
Choke, to | Wardoo datta nyinnin |
Cinder | Yoorda |
Clasp, to | Woonganing |
Clay | Wadoora |
Clay, white lime | Dardar |
Clean | Eelar |
Clear, to (make a clearing) | Boorno ban-anning |
Climb, to | Dindongin |
Cloak, to | Booka |
Close (near) | Bardook |
Close, to (stop up a hole) | Beendin |
Club | Dowuk |
Cold, a | Mindaitch |
Collect, to | Witongin |
27 | |
Come in, to | Yool yenna |
Conceal, to | Darbalung |
Construct, to | Maia warra |
Contest, a | Koojal bagajin (two fighting) |
Convalescent | Barra barrabin |
Cook, to | Geeta geeta doogoorn |
Cooked | Kooree naraga (been cooked) |
Cool | Koonyok marr |
Corroboree | Gaaning (dance) |
Couple | Koojal |
Covered | Beenden |
Coward | Wai-a-we |
Crack in the skin | Kar-jala buk-a-nin |
Crippled | Mangoornok nyinnong |
Crooked | Ngarleen |
Cruel | Boogur, karrung karrung |
Cry, to | Marongin |
Cunning | Doonga boola |
Cure, to | Walbining |
Cut, to, with a knife | Burning |
Damp | Meenyee boola |
Dance | Kaaning, gaaning |
Dead | Warnee wanneega |
Deaf | Doonga buroo |
Death | Wanning |
Decay, to | Beejag-obin, koon-yoobin |
Deceit | Kooleem |
Deceive | Kooleem |
Deep | Moordok |
Dense, stupid | Katta weendoo |
Depart, to | Kooree yanna |
Devil | Janga |
Die, to | Warning or wanning |
Different | Wam-mg |
28 | |
Dig, to | Beenin boojoor |
Dirty | Windoo, weendoo |
Disgrace, to | Kool me-er-ing |
Distend, to | Bogurt-bogurt |
Divided | Dagarn |
Dog's tail head-dress | Doorda yagginung daier |
Down (below) | Ngardar |
Down (short hair) | Je’oo |
Drag along, to | Buringetting |
Dread, to | Waien |
Dream | Ngoondangin |
Dried, parched ground | Boojoor dattabung |
Dried up | Dattabung |
Drink, to | Gabbee ngannin |
Drown, to | Moordak oobin kapel |
Drunk | Yowerri yennin |
Dry, withered, applied to leaves | Deeree dagarn |
Dumb | Daalang burt |
Dying | Kooree warning |
Earache | Doonga mindaitch |
Early | Waroo moordeejoobin |
East | Gungal |
Echo | Nganya wangain (I talking) |
Egg-shell | Noorgoo |
Embrace, to | Woongarning |
Empty | Burdanyuk (hungry ?) |
Enemy | Garrung guttuk |
Energy | Yabberee yabbera |
Enough | Kooree wanja |
Evil | Weendoo |
Evil spirit | Kajjeen, kaanya |
Exchange | Boonarruk yung-ain |
29 | |
Faint, to | Katta yower yower kwardang |
Fall, to | Yoogo ding |
Family or tribe | Woordal kala (belonging to the sea) |
Far away | Woorarr, booyung |
Fast | Geerda geerda yenna |
Fasten, to | Yool tarning |
Fear | Waien |
Feast | Ngoonom marrain |
Feed, to | Ngannin |
Fillet for the head | Wagarree |
Find | Kanong moordigoo |
Finish, to | Wanjang kooree |
Fire-stick | Kala boorna, kala mata |
Firm | Moordoytch |
Fish bait | Daaja |
Fish trap | Manga or monga |
Flame | Daalang kala |
Flat | Kabal or Kabul |
Flat, to lie | Kabul ngoonda ngordar |
Flee, to | Kooree yooka moordijoobin |
Flesh (of animals) | Daaj winnaijung |
Food | Marrain |
Food (forbidden) | Daaj winnaijung |
Forward, to go | Koorijet yenna |
Fresh (lately made) | Ye’yeenung marrain |
Friend | Babbin, kobong |
Friendly | Babbin guttuk |
Frightened | Waiee-ning |
Fruitful (having had children) | Koolongurboola |
Full (filled up) | Kabool ngoomon (stomach big) |
Full of holes | Karup boola |
Fur | Jeeoo, je’oo |
Game, a | Wabba moordijoobin |
Game (animals) | Daaja |
Get up, to | Yeeraman yenna |
Ghost | Kaa-jin |
30 | |
Giddy | Katta yoweering |
Girdle of opossum hair | Noolboorn |
Give, to | Yunga |
Glutton | Ngalyap |
Go away, to | Kooree yenna |
Go back, to | Yool moordijoo |
Go in, to | Darboo moordijoo (or jup) |
Go out, to | Wata moordijoop |
Good | Gwabba |
Good, no | Weendoo |
Gorge (to overfeed) | Ngalyap |
Grave | Boogal |
Grease, to | Boyn-ya-nabbain |
Great | Ngoomon |
Greyheaded | Jeer-dal-uk |
Grow | Mal-ar-nin |
Gum, edible | Kwonnert |
Half caste | Janga? |
Hair stick | Woonardoo |
Hair string (wound round head) | Wagarree (human hair) |
Half | Dagarn yunga (give half) |
Hammer | Kajjoo |
Handle | Mata |
Handsome | Gwabbalitch |
Hard | Moordoytch |
Hatchet | Kajjoo |
Hate | Goorda-luk |
He | Bal |
Head-cover | Katta booka |
Heap, a | Boornarruk, boonarruk |
Hear, to | Doonga |
Heaven | Nyeerganup, koorannup |
Heavy | Ngoomon |
Her | Bal |
31 | |
Here | Yool yenna, nyaga ? |
Hers | Balung |
Hide, to | Darbalong |
High | Wooree (tall) |
Him | Yella baalin |
His | Baalung or baaling |
Hold, to | Burrongin |
Honest | Boondoojul |
Hop, to | Burdang nyinna yenning |
House | Maia |
Humpbacked | Boogal-a-ngalin |
Hungry | Burdanyuk |
Hunt, to | Ngurdongin |
Hurt | Mindaitch or boma |
Husband | Kardoo |
I | Ngaija |
Idle | Beedee babba |
Ill (sick) | Mindaitch |
Imitate, to | Maia eejarning |
Immediately | Geerda geerda |
Improper | Moojoo, boyer |
Injure, to | Boma |
Indeed | Na- a! |
Inform, to | Wanga |
Initiate, to (man-making) | Yoordagur, mata ngoondonga |
Itch | Jip-jip, minja boolabbin |
Jealous | Meenup boomain |
Jealousy | Meenulbung |
Jeer | Eejarning |
Journey, to make a | Goorarr-a-yenning |
Joy | Goort gwabba |
Jump, to | Burdong nyinong |
32 | |
Kangaroo hole | Karap moordok |
Keep | Watool yung-a-ga |
Kernel | Bai-oo |
Kick | Kanburrong, kwardeejin |
Kill, to | Danga bongin, don ngabboning |
Kind, to be | Woombenyuk |
Kiss, a | Ninjanning |
Kneel | Bonaitch-al-nyinnin |
Knife | Dabba |
Knock, to (down) | Boomongur dowinung |
Knot | Minong |
Know, to | Ngaijoo kutteejin |
Languid | Beedee babba |
Large | Ngoomon |
Last, of anything or anyone | Yootook |
Laugh | Koowain, koowa |
Laughter | Koowain, koowa |
Lazy | Beedee babba |
Lead, to | Burrong-ai-yenning |
Lean (thin) | Goojellur |
Leap, to | Burdong nyinnong |
Leave (to go away) | Kooree yennin |
Lie (to lie down) | Maluk ngoondain (lie in the shade) |
Lie (to tell a lie) | Kooleen wangain |
Lift up, to | Burrong eera unning |
Light, fire | Kala dalabbin |
Light a fire, to | Kala bobburn doogurn |
Like (similar) | Woonerr gain |
Listen, to | Kutteej |
Little | Nyoomap |
Living, alive | Darduk |
Lonely | Doombart, nganna nyinnin |
Long | Walyardee, wooree |
Long ago | Murra mooroolung |
33 | |
Long (tall) | Walyardee, wooree |
Long hair | Katta mungarra wooree |
Long time | Murra mooroolung |
Look for, to | Kunongin |
Look out, to | Nyanga |
Lose, to | Wanjung |
Lost | Kooree wanjung |
Love, to | Koort guttuk |
Lying (down) | Beejar-a-ngoondain |
Mad | Katta windoo |
Madness | Katta windoo |
Make, to | Boogarn |
Many | Boola |
Marriage in the right line | Kardoo mata |
Marry, to | Noonda burrongin (you take) |
Matter (from sore) | Mindaitch |
Me | Nganna |
Meat | Daaja |
Medecine | Bolya (sorcery) |
Meet, to | Nyongin |
Melt, to | Doogurn |
Mend, to | Joonung |
Merry | Woombuk gowain |
Message | Wangain |
Message sticks | Boorna ? |
Middle | Deedara |
Milk | Beebee |
Mimic, to | Maia eejaning (mocking voice) |
Mine (my own) | Nganung (yalla nganung = that’s mine) |
Misunderstand, to | Doonga burdoo |
Mock, to | Eejaning |
Monster (fabulous) | Woggal |
More | Boolain |
Motherless | Burnap |
Mouldy | Weendoo |
Mourning | Mooroor (mourning for a friend) |
34 | |
Murder | Danga bungin geeja |
Music | Eetee wanga |
My | Nganna |
Naked | Booka boordoo, gweeja |
Name | Koolee |
Narrow | Nyoo-map |
Native well | Gabbee (ngoora) |
Near | Bardook |
Never | Yoo-ad-da |
Nice | Gwabbalitch |
No | Yooadda or yooata |
Noise | Boola wangain |
North | Weelo |
Nose-piercing | Moolyet anning |
Nose stick | Woomeroo |
Now (at once) | Geerda geerda, kooree |
Offended | Boogur |
Oh! | Oo! |
Old | Munjung |
One | Doombart |
Open country | Warloo, burnat (open or clear country) |
Other | Wamma |
Our | Nganung, nyoonung (mine, yours) |
Pain | Mindaitch |
Paint, to | Dardarul dunning |
Pair | Koojal |
Parched up | Boojoor weendoo (country no good) |
Passion | Karrung ngoomun |
Path (track) | Mata, goongoo |
Pearl-shell | Yoogill |
Pebbles | Booyee nyoomap |
Peeled Stick | Mooroo mooroo jin-gan-ing |
35 | |
Pick up, to | Burrongon ngoggain |
Pinch, to | Dongonya beening |
Pinion (wing) | Ganba |
Pit | Boojoor beening |
Place (forbidden) | Winnaijung boojoor, koobar boojoor |
Plain | Warloo |
Play, to | Wabba moordijoop |
Pleased, to be | Goort gwabba, woombubbin |
Plenty | Boola |
Pluck out feathers, to | Boojaning ngoonurn |
Plume, a | Juggal-juggal |
Point | Moolya, jeelup |
Point, to | Daaning |
Pointed (finely) | Moolya jeelup |
Pointed Spear | Geejee jeelup |
Pole (rod or stick) | Boorna |
Powerful | Ngoomon moor-doytch |
Praise (approval) | Goortgwabba |
Presently | Geerda geerda, boorda boorda |
Pretty | Gwabbalitch |
Prickles | Bē-yung |
Produce, to (animals having young) | Nooban eejan |
Proper | Gwabba |
Proud | Ngwooman ngwooman, ngwoombin-oombain |
Provisions | Marrain, daaja |
Pull, to | Mara burrongin |
Push, to | Dillong goording |
Putrid | Beejak |
Quick | Gert-gert, geerda-geerda |
Quiet | Gwabba |
Quit, to | Yenna |
Quiver, to | Dowel yookain, boor burrongin, yoorba yoorbungin |
36 | |
Rapid | Gert-gert, geerda-geerda |
Raw | Dalyart |
Recover, to | Barra barra |
Red | Wilgee, koolbur |
Refuse, to | Yooadda |
Rejoice, to | Goort gwabba |
Relate, to | Wangee |
Relation, a | Moorurt, wajjera |
Relationship | Moorurt mata |
Remain, to | Nyinnaga |
Remember, to | Kutteejee |
Return, to | Yool moordijoopin |
Right (proper) | Gwabba |
Rob, to | Nak-kain burrongin |
Roll over, to | Balla gurt moordijoopin |
Rubbing | Nabbain bwonyal |
Rug | Booka |
Run away, to; run, to | Wata moordijoop |
Sad | Koorda windoo oop nyinnin |
Same (the) | Woonerr muggin |
Satisfied | Moorart |
Scab | Eemba |
Scar | Ngambain mooree, kabool |
Scold, to | Karrung koorarning |
Scrape, to | Booka binning |
Scratch, to | Gunongin |
Secrete, to | Tar burrongin |
See, to | Nyanga, nyinnin |
Separate | Warlok warluk eejain |
Shadow | Maloo |
Shake, to | Yoorba yoorbungin |
Shaking (quivering) | Boor burrongin |
Shallow | Datta, daata |
Shame | Koolmeree |
37 | |
Sharp (edge), a | Jeelap |
Shavings | Mooroo mooroo |
She | Bal |
Shield | Woonda |
Ship | Karba kooranberree |
Shiver, to | Boor burrongin |
Shivering | Koor-ge-ning |
Short | Koorart, nyoomap |
Shout, to | Wangardunning |
Shut, to | Noodoojin |
Shy | Koolmeree |
Sick (ill) | Mindaitch |
Side, the | Ngarrail |
Silent, to be | Wanga burdoo (speak not) |
Silly | Doonga burdoo (ears none) |
Sinews of kangaroo's tail (used for sewing) | Moorup, woorup |
Sing, to | Eetee wangain |
Single | Doombart |
Sink, to | Moordak abbin |
Sit down, to | Nyinning |
Skewer | Beendee |
Slily | Yag-ai-yag-a-burrongin |
Slippery | Gogurt gogurt |
Slow | Dabbal nyannin |
Sly | Yag-ai-yag-a |
Small | Nyoomap |
Smear, to | Nabbain |
Smile, to | Ko-wain, kow-in |
Smoke, of fires | Kala karreek |
Smooth | Gogurt gogurt |
Snap, to | Dogarn koojalin (make two ?) |
Sob | Goort marran nyinnin |
Soft | Goonyak |
Song | Eetee wangain |
Sorcery | Boylya |
38 | |
Sore (or boil) | Mindaitch |
Sorrow | Koort marran nyinnin |
South | Booyal, booyal |
Sparks | Kala jeedanutch |
Spear (generic term) | Geejee |
Spear, to throw a | Geejee kwardin |
Spear (war) | Boordon |
speedily | Gert-gert, goorda-goorda |
Spider's web | Kata maia |
Spill, to | Kata dungin |
Spin, to (weave) | Baaloo koorongin |
Split, to | Jerran |
Spring (season of) | Jilba |
Spring (native well) | Gabbee ngoora |
Squeeze, to | Burrong moordijen |
Stalking game | Ngardongin |
Stand, to | Yookain |
Stare at, to | Koojar nyongin |
Startle, to | Waiening |
Steal, to | Nakkain burrongin |
Steep (high) | Moordo |
Step (footstep) | Jinna wangain |
Stick | Boorna |
Stiff | Dogal |
Still (quiet) | Boodoola |
Sting | Dan’il |
Stolen | Nakkain burrongin |
Stoop, to | Ngarda burrongin |
Stop! | Yooga |
Straight | Yeera |
Stranger | Booyung |
Strangle, to | Murruk bomain ? |
Strength | Moordooitch |
Struggle | Bokkajin |
Stuck (fast) | Narnoo |
39 | |
Stun, to | Katta weendoo en-ee |
Sufficient | Kaanyuk |
Sugar | Ngoogoo gwert |
Sulky (cross) | Boogur |
Summer | Beeruk |
Sweat | Banya |
Sweet | Ngoogoo |
Swell, to | Bogart bogartungin |
Swim, to | Darrbain |
Swoon, to | Katta yowerrba kwerdung |
Take in the hand, to | Mara burrong |
Take, to | Burrong |
Tall | Wooree |
Tattoo, to | Ngom-bain |
Teach, to | Nyinning doonga wangain |
Tear, to | Jidderning |
Tease, to | Eeder dunning |
Tell me | Wangee |
Temper | Garrung |
Terrible | Boogur ? weendoo (no good) |
That very thing | Yalla |
Their. them | Nyongin |
There | Yalla, bokoja |
They | Nyongin ? balgup |
Thief | Nakkain burrongin |
This one | Yalla bal |
Those | Nyongin |
Thrash, to | Booma, boma |
Threat, a; threaten, to | Boma warrijin |
Three | Warung |
Through, pierced | Wagardin |
Throw, to | Gwart boorna (throw wood) |
Throwing | Kwart |
Throwing board | Meero |
40 | |
Tickle, to | Joobur dunning |
Tired | Beedee bubba |
Tiresome | Garrung garrung |
Tomahawk | Kajoo |
Top (of anything) | Katta |
Touch, to | Main boonin |
Track (footprint) | Mata |
Track, to | Jenna balgong |
Trackless | Mata yooata |
Trap, a | Manga (fish trap), boojoor-al-burron-gin (kangaroo trap) |
Troublesome | Garrung garrung |
Tuft (ornamental) | Yanjee |
Turn back, to | Karoo moordijoobin |
Turn over, to | Ballee gurding |
Twist, to | Dowel-el-goorongin |
Two | Goojal |
Ugly | Weendoo, munjuing |
Uncooked meat | Daaja dalyal |
Uncovered | Booka burt |
Under | Boora |
Understand, to | Kuttijung |
Uneven | Doombart doombart (one and one) |
Unfasten, to | Beendee wellong booka (pin take out cloak) |
Unintelligible | Kuttij burdoo |
Unintentionally | Boluk boomaga |
Unknown | Booyung |
Unlucky | Wanja yennig |
Upside down | Moojordeeja |
Useless | Weendoo |
41 | |
Vain (proud) | Ngoombin oombain |
Very bad | Weendoo |
Very good | Gwabba |
Vicious | Weendoo |
Violent | Boogur |
Wait, to | Yooga kumban yooga |
Wander, to (off the right track) | Mata goongoo boorda gunna nginnin |
Warm | Kal-ar-uk |
Wash, to | Gab-el-darbain |
Weighty (heavy) | Ngoomooning |
Well (not sick) | Moordooitch (strong) |
West | Woordal |
Wet | Gabel balyan nunnong |
What | Na-itch ? or naaj |
Where | Winjee |
Which | Na-itch or naaj |
Whistle | Wardail |
White | Dardar |
White of an egg | Yee-rail |
Who | Ngannee |
Whole | Boolain |
Whose | Yella ngannee (whose is that?) |
Why | Yarn |
Wicked | Weendoo, boyar |
Wide | Ngoomoon |
Wild native | Booyung |
Will, I | Kwa |
Will they? | Bal-le wangain |
Winter | Ma-goor |
Witchcraft | Boylyaguttuk |
Wither, to | Manjangobin |
Wood | Boornoo |
Worn out (tired) | Beedee babba |
Wound, to | Boma, booma |
42 | |
Wrong | Weendoo wunong ? |
Yam-stick | Wanna |
Yellow | Kanjin |
Yes | Gwa, kwa |
Yolk of an egg | Yoondo mōru |
You | Nyoondo |
Young | Nganeep, nyoomap |
Young (of animals) | Nyoo-map, nganneep |
Younger | Kardung (younger brother) |
Your, yours | Nyunnong, nyoonong |
43 | |
Afraid, I am not, of you | Ngaijoo nyoono waien burda |
Afraid, What are you, of? | Nyoondo waiening? |
Asleep, He is | Bal ngoondain beejar |
Bad, That is very | Yalla weendoo, boyar |
Bad, You are | Nyoondo weendoo |
Brother, He is my | Bal nganung ngoondoo |
Brother, That is my | Yalla nganung ngoondoo |
Bury him | Boojoor binaja |
Care, Take, of | Gwabban gongin nyinna |
Carry this | Burrong gongin moordijoop |
Cattle, Bring in the | Yool gongin cattle |
Cattle, Did you see the? | Nyoondo nyangaga cattle |
Children, Where are your? | Nyoonong koolongurra winjee |
Come from, Where do you? | Nyoondo winjee yenaga |
Come here | Yool yenna Come, I, fromNgaijoo (booyungagun = south) yenaga |
Come in | Yool yenna |
Come, I will | Ngaijoo yennin |
Coming, They are | Yool yennin |
Coming with you, I am | Nganya nyoonong bardoo yannin |
Cook that --- | Daaja doogurn |
Country, What is the name of your? | Nyoonong boojoor winjee |
Country, Where is your? | Boojoor nyinna winjal |
Coward, You are a | Nyinnee wai-a-wē |
Daughter, Is that your? | Yalla nyoonong kwerrurt |
Dead, he is | Bal kooree wanaga |
CDeceiving me, You are | Nyoondo koolinung |
Dingoes, Are there many? | Boola doorda |
Direction, In this | Booyal (south) yenaga ? |
Do this | Doogurn (make or do) |
Doing, What are you? | Nyoonda yanyung |
44 | |
Eat, Can you, this? | Nyoondo ngannin? |
Father, he is my | Bal ngunong mamman |
Find, Where did you, them? | Nyoondo winjee gonongin |
Fire, Make a | Kala doogoorn |
Fire, Make by friction | Kala goorongin waljap |
Fish, Catch some | Daaja burrong |
Fish, Cook that | Daaja doogurn |
Flour, I want some | Marrain yunga |
Food, Give me | Marrain yunga |
Food, I cannot get | Ngaijoo marrain burdoo |
Food, I want | Marrain yunga |
Food, I will give you | Ngaija nyoono marrain yungin |
Food, Where shall I find | Marrain winjee |
Friend, I am your | Ngaija nyoono babbain |
Get along | Geerda geerda yanna |
Get up | Yeera moordijoop |
Give me | Nganya yunga |
Go away | Geerda geerda yanna |
Go before me | Nyinna kooree moordijcop |
Go behind me | Nyoondo nganung mata yenaga |
Go, I will, now | Nganya ye’yee kooree yannin |
Going to-, I am | Nganya – yannin |
Gone, He has just | Bal kooree yenaga |
45 | |
Gone, Where has he? | Winjee yenaga |
Good, That is no | Yalla weendoo |
Good, That is very | Yalla gwabba |
Good, You are no | Nyoondo weendoo |
Good, You are very | Nyoondo gwabba |
Go, I, to | Ngaija – yennin |
Go quickly | Geerda geerda yenna |
Go quietly | Dabbal yenna |
Go there | Bokoja yenna |
Go you | Nyinna yenna |
46 | |
Here it is | Nyaga bal ngoondain |
Hill, What is the name of that? | Yalla katta naitch? |
Horses, Bring in the? | Yool gongin (horses) |
Horses, Did you see the? | Nyoondok nyangaga (horses) |
House, Am I near a? | Nganya maia bardook |
House, Are we getting near the? | Karoo mai’uk burdoo |
Husband, Is that your? | Nyoono yalla kardoo |
Husband, Where is your? | Winjee nyoono kardoo |
Ill, I am | Ngaijoo mindaitch |
Ill, You are | Nyoono mindaitch |
Is that your ---- | Yella nyoono - ? |
Kangaroo, Are you hunting? | Nyoonda yowart ngardongin |
Kangaroo, Where shall I find? | Yowart winjee |
Killed, He has been | Balain boma kwardijan |
Killed, Who has, him? | Ngandoo boomong |
Killed, You have, him | Nyoondoo boomong |
Know, I | Ngaija kuttijee |
Know, I do not | Ngaija kuttijee burdoo |
Lake, What is the name of that? | Yalla boora naitch |
Lake, Where is the? | Boora winjee |
Lazy, You are | Nyoondo beedee babba |
Leave me | Geerda geerda yanna |
Let it alone | Wanja |
Lie down | Ngoonda |
Listen to me | Kuttij |
Long time ago, That was a | Koorarr |
Look out | Karrijun |
Lying, He is, down | Bal ngoondain |
Mother, She is my | Nganong ngangan |
Mother-in-law, She is my | Nganong mungart |
47 | |
Name, What is your? | Nyinnee koolee ngannee or Nyinnee ngannee koolee |
Natives, How many, are there? | Yoongar boola-ga nyinning |
Natives, Where are the? | Yoongar winjee |
Native, Who is this? | Yella ngannee yoongar |
Noise, What is that? | Ngalla ngannee moordijoobee |
Relation, What are you to? | Nyoondoo yalla bal naitch |
Rising, The river is | Gabbee yeera yeera yannin |
River, What is the name of that? | Beeloo ngannee yella koolee |
River, Where is the? | Beeloo winjee |
Roots (edible), Find some | Marrain kanung yunga |
Roots (edible), where shall I find? | Marrain winjal |
Run away | Geerda geerda moordijoop |
Sea, Am I near the? | Nganya woodarn ul bardook |
Search for that | Kanung |
Sleep, I shall now | Beejar ngoondain |
Slow, You are very | Nyoondo beedeebabba |
Speak, Do not | Wanga burdoo |
Spear, Where is your? | Geejee winjee |
Springs, Are there any native, here? | Gabgee ngoora winjal |
Station, Are we getting near the? | Janga maia bardook |
Stay with me | Nganung nyoonda nyinnin |
Stay, you, here | Nyoondo nyinna |
Steal, From whom did you? | Winjee nyoondo nakkain burrongin |
Stolen, You have, that | Nyoondo nakkain burrongin |
Stop here | Nyoonda nyinnin |
Take this to | Nyoonda gonga moordijoop |
Tell .... to come to me | Wanga . . . yool yenok |
That, I want | Yool yunga |
Tired, I am | Ngaijoo beedeebabba |
Track, Where is the? | Winjee goongoo |
Tree, what is the name of that? | Ngannee yalla koolee boorna |
48 | |
Tribe, To what, do you belong? | Nyoondo mata naitch |
True, That is not | Nyoondo kooleening |
Turkey, Where shall I find a? | Winjee bibilyer |
Understand, Do you? | Nyoondo kuttij |
Understand, I do not | Ngaijoo kuttij burdoo |
Want, What do you? | Naitch ngannain what eat |
Water, Am I near? | Gabbee bardook |
Water, Give me | Gabbee yunga |
Water, Have you found? | Gabbee nyoondo gunongin |
Water, I cannot find | Gabbee boordok anna nyinnong |
Water, I want some | Goort gabbee nganya warning |
Water, Where shall I find? | Gabbee winjee |
Waterhole, Where is the? | Ngoora gabbee winjee |
Way, Come this | Yool moordijoop |
Way, Go that | Watoo moordijoop |
Well, where is the? | Gabbee winjee |
What is it? | Naitch |
Where are you going? | Winjee nyoondo yennin |
Where do you come from? | Nyoondo winjee yenong |
White man's house, Where is the? | Winjee janga maia |
Who is that? | Yalla ngannee |
Who is there? | Yalla ngannee |
Wife, Is that your? | Nyoono kardoo |
Wife, She is my | Yaggoo nganung |
Wife, Where is your? | Kardoo (or) yagoo winjee |
Wood, Find some | Kala kanung |
Wounded, I am | Nganya geejal dunong |
You and I | Nganam (ngooljar mata deenee - sisters-in-law speaking) |
You two | Nyooram (“deenee” relation is speaking - Ngalyart and Nyilgee) |
49 | |
1. Carvings and paintings on rocks or in caves in district? | None – merely a few markings on trees to signify fishing places, or corroboree grounds. Ngalyart has not seen any near Mandurah. |
2. Legends, songs, folklore? | Ngalyart has no Mandurah songs or legends. |
3. Native names of tribes in district? | Wooral'_gala or Woodarngup = sea people |
4. Any noticeable grammatical construction in the language of the tribes in district? | Yes, in affixes, terminations, etc. |
5. Are any instances known of the natives boiling their food? | No. |
6. Is cannibalism known to exist in district? | No. |
7. What woods are used in making fire by friction? | Waljap (blackboy tops). Rubbing or drilling method is used (see MS.) |
8. Method of obtaining water from trees, roots, etc.? | Water was sometimes obtained from the jerral and warndoo (white gum). It was found in the forked branches of the jerral and in the garled excrescences of the white gum. |
50 | |
9. Any idea of a deity? | Nyitting = old time spirit. Nyitting = Cold times. See MS. |
10. Native belief in ghosts, or a future state?? | Yes, see MS. |
11. Beliefs in sorcery, witchcraft; is there a boylya or sorcerer anong tribes in district? See MS. | Yes, a strong belief in the boylya. |
12. Is there a gesture language amongst the natives in district? | Only such as are occasionally used by white people. |
13. Any use of masonic signs observed amongst the natives in district? | No. Some simple signals akin to simple masonian hand or finger signs. |
14. Smoke signalling, signification of spiral and other smoke signals? | No spiral signals. Smoke signals were given by a tribe nearing another on a visit. Several smokes were put up. also when whale , when a native was down & killed a kangaroo its smokes were invitation cards to the feast. |
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