Richard Helms, L. R. Wells - Fraser Range. W. Williams, Eucla & Eyre's Sandpatch. Campbell Taylor - Doubtful & Israelite Bay. R. Helms - Esperance, Hampton Plains and Knutsford. |
Baby | walboo, wandee, tcheek? minya |
Blackfellow | majjilba, meening?, yungar, min'nin |
Blackwoman | toogaboo, tookaboo, yago, werrungerra, yok |
Boy | kow'an, kija wandee, (kija possibly corruption of "kid") minmin possibly corruption of "man" |
Brother | elder = ngandada dudaloo, ngoondan younger = ngandada, moongan |
Children | won'derong, wandee murna, koolungurra |
Daughter | nuggal |
Father | mummaloo, mum'ma, maam, mammun |
Girl, little | wanya, moola |
Granddaughter | murran |
Grandfather | demman |
Grandmother | murran |
Grandson | demman |
Man, old | majjilba tcheera, mundaldoo |
Man, young | majjilba, ngoon'ara |
Man | minning, minin, bulga, malba, yunga, kapeen bordoo |
Mother | yak'kaloo, yarkel?, ngan'gan, 'kun |
Sister | baaye, tchook, jookan elder = baaye wallaroo, wooleroo younger = baaye boordoo |
Son | bidding |
Virgin | maddal, bindee |
White Man | majjilba moondooloo, yittong |
Wife | weea, kardo |
Woman | wurnang, joorlee, kortyeen yeernunging, toogaboo, yago, yook, mirga |
Woman, old | toogaboo boolga |
Ankle | walba, bilgut |
Arm (lower) | marrak, ngurna |
Arm (right) | wanga, karree ? |
Arm (upper) | wangoo, wanga ungoo, wagoon ?, wurnok |
Back | illaree, gamboo, ngolorr |
Beard | nangoo, unga, ngoomool, ngenok, ngalana, ngalenna, garne |
Blood | ngoop, yurning, yurnin, yelgoo, yalgoo, yalga |
Bone | kwetch, jurbo, daja, danka, jirboo, kambo, kombo |
Bowels | me-re yal, dangul, dardul, needee, yelilliman, kwijopel |
Breasts | beebee, koondoo, bubboo, pip |
Breath | weroon, waggar |
Calf of Leg | wullit |
Cheek | nijja, ngoodoo |
Chest | ngaka, moondoo, yid |
Chin | nganga, kandan, nganba |
Drink, to | ngowannin, nalgwin, kep ngunga |
Ear | ke'yan, goola, dwunga, gulla, goolē'ya, koorlē'ya ke'yong, goola, dwunga, gulla, goole'ya |
Eat, to | worra ma-o-wud, nalgun, ngalgun, ngamma, ngalgoo, ngunga, nganning, ngalla |
Elbow | gurgun, kur'koo'nak'kee, koo'kaia, ngoy |
Eyebrow | ngambin, meel ngoand, mēl ngamboo |
Eyelash | meel ngoand, mēl ngamba |
Eyelid | mel nimbit, mel kalba, meel biggard |
Eye | mēl, wardoo, waddoo, meerl, meel |
Fat | gā'noo, wid'daija, widdija, tcherrung |
Feel, to | gungoo, perangin |
Fingers | murra ka budd, ngaldee, mar, mara munyurda |
Finger nail | mara beeree, peeree |
Foot | jinna, yinna, jenna, tchen, yen |
Forehead | yoo'arroo, ngamba, pab?, ngalla |
Generative Organ (female) | taid ?, tēd ? |
Hair | ngoomool balga, wen'doo, kada warna, kada birdee, ngornt, kada wendoo, ngoanda balthur |
3 | |
Hand | murra, mara, maia maya?, mar |
Head | kada, kad, balga, katta, kunitch |
Heart | molla?, ngaga, koordoodoo, wiroon, kurd |
Heel | yinna murloo, mooboo, tand |
Jawbone | irreejurbo, jurbo yerree |
Jaw | yerree, ngallok |
Kidney | tchoob |
Knee | murdee, dadda, peernith |
Leg | goora, gora, māta |
Lip | eemee, taminyee, moonee, min |
Liver | ngal'dee, maia |
Lung | yaral, waggar, nganbukka |
Moustache | moonee, moornee |
Mouth | thumminjee, aiga?, danga, tchaa, dungan, taa |
Navel | , |
Neck | kurloo?, dangin? |
Nose | moola, mulla, mullē'ya, moolya, moolee |
Penis | tab'it, pē-jan, meed, mēd |
Pregnant | moogalla berbin |
Seeing | jin'nungin |
Shoulder | kalbee wil'yin'dee, mandoo, munk |
Sinew | paldee |
Skin | we'yul, narra, kooloo, mop, biggut |
Sleep | koobooloo, kud'ny'ella, koobala, kud ngalla, kuballin, bukkaman |
Smell, to | pooka, peeka, kandun |
Sneeze, to | mulla kardit, mulla winyabut, nulboo |
Speak, to | dooroo |
Spit, to | dalya, delya, wod'da |
Stink, to | pooka, peeka |
Stomach | mukulla, mugalla, gambittee, weela, koolga, kurpul |
Taste, to | kweebatuk? |
Teeth | yeeree, ngallee ngallee, eeree, nalgo yerree ngorlok, ngallok, yeeree, gardiddee, kardiddee |
Thigh | tooenda, towel, tunda, kanda, jeera? nart |
Thirsty | wela kumbun, gabbee mulgurn |
4 | |
Throat | gooldoo |
Thumb | murra yagoo, mara agoo, yalba |
Toe | yinna balga, bindee |
Toenail | yinna beeree, peeree |
Tongue | thālid, talit, daaling, dallong |
Vein | kandatta?, ngala yurning, ngala yurnin, kurrak |
Walk, to | ngaralgunee, gooling, pala ngun gurteeman, ngunung |
Walk quickly | jinna bā'dee |
Wrist | noo'kooee |
Bandicoot | birring |
Dingo | doytchoo, doodoo, joodoo |
Dog | ngoopain |
Kangaroo, generic | pirkooda, pigurla?, madooroo, koolbirra?, yowda |
Kangaroo Rat | wirlooloo |
Opossum, Black | damma?, bilda, pilda |
Wallaby | willa, gooloong |
Wallaby, spinifex | mē'ree yurra |
Bird (generic) | jeda, gamma, gumming |
Bird's egg | numboo, noorok, ngamboo, nga'oo, kabbin, noorgoo |
Bustard, Wild Turkey | barreel, eedilaija, yee'daijal, peepaleer, koolee |
Cockatoo, Leadbeater's Pink | kakaloo |
Cockatoo, white, Southern | ka'kaloo, kaw kawla, munatch |
Crow | wajigga, wongala, wongilla, wartung |
Curlew | widdooring |
Duck | Oreoica cristata = banban ak'am'ina kulyang Oreoica sp = banban gudarra jidda, eppin'al'kwin ngarmut |
Eagle | yarda |
Eagle Hawk | yadda, worlik, walya? walja? |
Emu | toola, tulla, wēd, gal-ē-ya, kal-ē-ya, watch |
Harrier, Swamp Hawk | kandun, gililka, gargin |
Hawk, Fish | kandun, gililka, gargin |
Hawk, Sparrow | kandun, gililka, gargin |
Laughing jackass | kooladdee |
Magpie | goorbarroo, yelyet, yimbaloo |
Mopoke | goorgoo |
Pelican | ya'oo, noorlaloo, peelar'ribung |
Swan | maa'lee |
Crayfish | danbee |
Cuttlefish | erbin |
Fish (generic) | moodee |
Iguana (generic) | galka |
Iguana, long-tailed | nurril, bilalla |
Iguana, stump-tailed | yoornga?' kakilga |
Lizard (generic) | wogga |
Lizard, Horned (York Devil) | gidda minyin |
Lizard, sleeping | wadding kalda |
Snake (generic) | moola wooda, mullabutta, yedda, mullawudda, bulla?, budding deaf adder = kalda, carpet snake = bulla? bulla, boola, probably corruption of bulya |
Ant (common small) | minga, minnin |
Ant (generic) | minga |
Ant (sergeant or lion) | barna mamma |
Beetle (generic) | nurnun, dallee-brindee, moorangan, milba, burna, yidajee |
Butterfly | dardalyung |
Fly (generic) | wee'ya wee'ya, waia waia, mooroo mooroo, ngoorawoora |
Grasshopper | yindalga |
Mosquito | koonjee, ngingup |
Moth | meeka meeka, mikka mikka, munban, pupa of moth = wandandeeree cocoon = wandanwalla |
Scorpion | war'nee'yad |
Silverfish | birrang birrang |
Spider (generic) | kaira, gē'ra |
Bough of a tree | small branch = dal'galla |
Bush (the wild country) | jai'dooroo, jē'dooroo |
Clay, white | der'gan, wandamoyn |
Cloud | mulga bildee, malga yet, malga bildee, weera, marr |
Cold | mulgan, numulya, mulgun, yoolgan, minya, nyetting, gurrgel, nāgo |
Dark | tun'jinda, ngooboo, konkee, kombertung |
Day | nullaruk? |
Daylight | womooburrum |
Duststorm | tanba |
Earth, the | ba'na, pa'na, poojar |
Fire | kai'ya, kē'ya, kal, kalla, kala |
Flowers | me'roo, no'al |
Grass | yoolga, tchilba |
Ground (surface of) | yoola, bootcha |
Gum | ngora |
Heat | goornan, kumburn (hot = kallaruk) |
Hill | booree, pooree, weenda, wadda, moolun, kāda |
Hole | karoo |
Lake, salt | napurr, woy'a |
Leaf (shrub or tree) | undin, oondin, peeal |
Light | ya'roo, birrabooda |
Lightning | kai'ya bar, bar, bindan, weergoo |
Manna | birgilla |
Moon | waial, wee'yal, ya'gin, weeal, yaggin, meekee, meemok, meeuk, yaawin, yowing, paia? |
Mountain | kāda |
Night | ngooboo, konkai, kutbenk, kutbuk? |
Peach, native | koordee (fruit of = galba), willora |
Quartz | wooree il'il'ya, pooree irilya |
Rain | kē-pee, mulga, kēp wolmunung, kappee dilbin, wannin, wunnin, jeedee |
Rainbow | wanduka, gurrurringa, kurringa, nyoordong |
8 | |
Resin (blackboy) | ngō'ra |
Rock | poy' |
Rockhole | kappee kulla dunya, meera gabbee |
Roots, of trees, edible | ngalla yeera, ngalla gooya |
Sand | bā'na, jering? |
Sandhill | wanda |
Sea | wam'mong, wammongat |
Sea-shells | birree birra |
Sea-weed | yaloo wē |
Star | bungoo, burnga, worrit, mallamunning, bilyel, milyarn,nangar |
Stone | poy, booree, pooree, boondong, bwoon? |
Sun | jintoo, tchindoo, jindoo, jenda, nganga, batta, ngarnga, nganga, tchundoo |
Sunrise | jindo barrangunyin |
Sunset | jindo kargan |
Thunder | kēpee mama, kappee bar, bulla?, mamma anga, bulla mē'ran |
Thunderstorm | kappee bar |
To-day | birboodoo, yē'ya, yeetcha kurrum? |
To-morrow | min'yaka, bēn kurrulding |
Venus | yindela |
Water | gabbee, kappee, mai'jal, gab, walbee, kaipa, kēp, kowin, water, no = gabbee kooya ? |
Water (running) | mulga noorndee |
Wattle tree | yalloo |
Whirlwind | yinga orrarringa |
Wind | piriddee, mag'ooroo, nooyung peeka, birrila, winnaka? mara |
Yesterday | bookooloo, kurrum |
Alive | yathero |
Anger | budda |
Ashes | bunga |
Bad | kā'nung, booka?, walyee |
Bark (used for food vessels) | binbee, bimbee, bai'aral |
Bark (used for making huts) | yoobal |
Belt | namba |
Big | doolgala, dunnal |
Black | kum'ma |
Board, for throwing spear | worda, meeroo, wordat kambo hook of meero = tad'il, wara stone in end of meero = bē'tal |
Boomerang | kē'lee, wallanoo, wolanna, kylee, wallana |
By and by | noo'a boo'dan, booja?, poolak? |
Call, to | maia bord |
Camp, native | minda, wan'o'moo (shelters made with brushwood and bushes) wamma ngooda, yango, kallal |
Charcoal | ir'gal'yoo |
Circumcision | ngungurr, jabbun, subincision = pē'yan |
Club | koondee, dowk |
Come on | yoolo nganyarree, yoolow, wattee yeren? |
Cooked (pounded and roasted roots) | ngalla yindalya |
Cry, to | mil'eling ngin, palloolee, goolan |
Dance | yoorin |
Dead | kakkabukka, mandin, ngalba |
Die, to | kakkabukka, mandin |
East | kak'ara, manong |
Fall, to | yoonda gā'tee |
Few | warrong |
Fight, to | paijajee |
Fillet for the head | namba |
Food | ngalgoon, ngalgoo, nājoo, marring |
Ghost | boorga, wawk? |
Good | pujja, yaddoo, gwap |
Good, no | walyee, wadang |
10 | |
Green | kooyal, turdong |
Gum, edible | meenoo |
Hair stick | balya, yowillee balga, dalgerree yowillee, yowillee talla |
He | bal |
Head ornament | yin'din'ga |
Head dress | kada windoo, kada wurna |
Hear, to | perridee, kadijin |
Heaven | wilka?, wooloo? |
House | mulga mintorad, malga mintorat |
Hungry | boobera, booba bungoo, werrut |
I | ngana, neeja, ngan, naija, nganya, ngailo? |
Ill (sick) | mē-indee |
Jump, to | majjoorad, bordagarin |
Large | burdin |
Laugh | kurdee din, kurdee kudadnee, gooreeman |
Lie (to lie down) | palloo wed, kan'gla goodan? |
Lie (to tell a lie) | karralee |
Little | moongan, moonjan, nuggal, wandee, nākal |
Look back, to | ngunguken |
Lying (down) | oeel'oobed? |
Many | tchat'oodee, partanna |
Message sticks | unnain, bergoo? |
Milk | koondoo bilgan, koondoo, pip |
Mine (my own) | nunga |
No | yan'gun, mukka, yooaddo, kaian |
North | kē'yella, morruk |
Nose-piercing | kē'yee'yin |
Nose stick | kondel, wondarra |
One | kutta?, kai'_ad'noo, kai-an-noo, kain, kai-an¯oo, gain, ken |
Picture etchings on bark | war'ma, worma |
Paint, to | gon'yin |
Play, to | yoorimmee |
Plenty | bardoo boodan, murna, kowan |
Quickly | goordēma |
Red | yurnin, nguppilong |
11 | |
Run, to | wud'na'_yer'ee, moordeejangul |
Scars on chest | ngaka warma |
See, to | jummingen?, mēl nungoo, tchinnung, mel nangoo, mela noongoo |
Shadow | boodanee, ngooan |
She | bal |
Shield | woonda |
Shout, to | maia bord |
Sick (ill) | men'dee |
Sing, to | mē'ya,maia, kanjeelan |
Sit down, to | ning'arn, ngunting, billa nyinaree, yinnan, nyinnong |
Slily, stealthily | darragal boodan |
Small | nuggal |
Smoke, of fires | kai-ya pooya, kēya pooya, kai'ya boy'ya boomadan booja, pooee, pooya |
Sore (or boil) | mindin, andan, derriga |
South | koorilla, ngaddee |
Spear (generic term) | kajee winda, kajee, winda, ke'jee |
Spear, to throw a | jy'jee angoon |
Spear (war) | kejee ularra, gaijee, jaijee, geejee, keetch |
Steal, to | yoorgwil |
Stick | yanda |
Strike, to | yagookoo, bun'gun |
String, made of opossum fur | warreeya |
Sweet | noomba boodan, ngweentch? |
Tail | nyoo'endee |
Tattoo, to | ngāka warma |
Tattooing | ngāka warma |
There | nundinga |
They | balgoon, they two = boola? |
Three | marding, warrul, merting, mo, mangurra, yalgatta, mangurroo, ngarril? |
Tickle, to | gijeeboo? |
Tired | boorooka |
Tomahawk | koytch |
Track (footprint) | balgatta, jenna yinga, jen, pim, |
Track, a | kulbaia, kulbeea, pō'ree, kulba |
Two | kootharra, kootarra, bwool?, koodal, koojan, koojal, kardoora |
12 | |
Vessels (bark, etc) | ken'nee, ya'ree, moy'a |
We | nganneel, wilingul |
West | kalda, winnung |
Whistle | woyd, maiamirrat |
White | tel, dond |
Wood | warda, wadda, boon |
Wound, to | parkaltoo, mindin, andan, derriga, kwud |
Yes | ō, naden, ya?, ngaia, ee, kwa, ngeeya |
You | noonda, nginduk, nginnee, nginnuk (plural) nyoorang |
Know, I do not | ngana gooya, naija mukka yoorg, ngairlo tchunuk kubba? |
Natives, Where are the? | Bokathalla meening Yungar yarnpat |
You two | Nyoobal |
Helms, Esperance Yunga dialect (The similarity between the Esperance and Perth dialect is apparent) Barkok = the name given to the tribes living inland, by the Yunga. (These tribes circumcise and slit the urethra, which the Yungas do not.) |
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Campbell Taylor, Doubtful Bay to Israelite Bay Ngokgurring or "shell" people |
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W. Williams, Eyre's Sandpatch Wonunda Meening Tribe. Wonnunda = Eyre's Sandpatch. According to W. Graham the country of this tribe commences at Point Culver, extends east along the coast for about 140 miles and inland some 30 or 40. Wonunda is the name of the principal water. From Point Culver to 100 miles east of Eucla - a distance of 350 miles - all the tribes use the word Meening (people) Mining groups do not go just Border (W.A.-S.A.) on Nullarbor Plain nunga means man. In the Eucla & western areas Mining means man. North of Eucla. Boundary Dam, Waddi means man. n.w. of Eucla - mulba means man. etc etc. in conjunction with the name of the principal swamp or waterhole in their country as their tribal designation. The tribes immediately to the west of the Wonunda Meening speak of the latter as Bardooks or "know nothings". The Wonunda speak of the tribes to the north of them as katabungata and mooroon, the last word meaning fat or stout. Those to the West are koorardee or tall. The country of the Wonunda is little better than a waterless desert and its inhabitants are half starved, spare in person, low in stature, and use weapons and implements of an inferior sort. (To be corrected). |
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Helms, Fraser Range Helms obtained the following vocabulary from several natives met near the Fraser Range. They inhabited the districts to the east and west of that locality and to the south about 100 miles from the coast. Habits and language were essentially the same with all the tribes, but in some instances different terms were applied for the same object. |
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